Ikamva elikhuselekileyo leemveliso ze-polyurethane

Ngomhla wesi-4 kweyeThupha ngo-2020, kwamkelwe umthetho omtsha kwi-diisocyanates phantsi kwe-REACH ziingcali zaseYurophu, zijolise ekuvezweni kwezifo zokuphefumla nezesikhumba ezinokubangelwa yi-diisocyanates.

2 Disemba 2021

 IiPolyurethanesImigaqo

Uphononongo olutsha lujolise ekuphuhliseni iindlela zovavanyo zokulinganisa ukuvuleka kombaneUmthombo womfanekiso: quimono – Pixabay (umfanekiso wesimboli).

I-REACH (Ubhaliso, Uvavanyo, Imvume kunye nokuThintelwa kweeKhemikhali) ngumthetho weManyano yaseYurophu, owamkelweyo ukuphucula ukhuseleko lwempilo yabantu kunye nokusingqongileyo kwiingozi ezinokubangelwa ziikhemikhali, ngelixa kuphuculwa ukhuphiswano lweshishini leekhemikhali le-EU.

Izincamathelisi zePolyurethane (PU) kunye nezitywini zikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa kwiimveliso ezininzi kumashishini amaninzi, njengeemoto, ifenitshala, ulwakhiwo, kunye nokupakishwa. Ukuveliswa kweepolyurethane kufuna ii-diisocyanates ezinuka kamnandi okanye ezi-aliphatic. Ezi zikhuselekile xa zisetyenziswa ngokuhambelana namanyathelo okhuseleko amiselweyo. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa i-PU, ii-diisocyanates, ezisabela kwiipolyols, enyanisweni zisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo ukuze zingabikho kwiimveliso zepolyurethane ezigqityiweyo. Umda awuthinteli ukusetyenziswa kwezincamathelisi ze-polyurethane kunye nezitywini, kodwa umisela iimfuno zoqeqesho zokusetyenziswa kwazo ngokukhuselekileyo. Izincamathelisi ze-PU kunye nezitywini ziya kuqhubeka zisetyenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwazo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwaye njengoko kungekho buchwepheshe bukhoyo obunokuvelisa iimveliso ezineempawu zonke ze-PU.

Umgaqo we-REACH EC/1907/2006 ujongana nokuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kwezinto zeekhemikhali, kunye nefuthe lazo elinokubakho kwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Umda we-4 Agasti 2020 phantsi kwe-REACH ucacisa imfuneko yoqeqesho kunye neemfuno zokulebhelisha kubasebenzisi bemizi-mveliso okanye abangochwephesha be-diisocyanates (ngamnye okanye ngokudibeneyo) abanoxinzelelo lwe-monomeric olungaphezulu kwe-0.1% ngobunzima. Umda usebenza kuyo nayiphi na imisebenzi apho ukuvezwa kwi-diisocyanates kunokwenzeka khona. Awusebenzi kwiimveliso ze-PU ezisetyenziswa ngabathengi. Umda owahlukileyo malunga neemveliso zabathengi sele uqalisiwe.

Iimfuno zoqeqesho oluyimfuneko

Abasebenzisi abaziingcali nabemizi-mveliso be-diisocyanates baya kuba noxanduva lokuqinisekisa ukuba uqeqesho lugqityiwe kubo nakwabasebenzi babo. Abaphathi nabo baya kufuna uqeqesho. Nangona ababoneleli benoxanduva lokwazisa abasebenzisi ngemfuneko yoqeqesho, abanaxanduva lokuqeqesha abasebenzi. Akukho siqinisekiso sivela kubasebenzisi ukuya kubaboneleli malunga nokufunyanwa kolwazi esifunekayo. Abasasazi kufuneka badlulisele kubathengi babo ulwazi abalufumene kubaboneleli.

Uqeqesho kunye nesatifikethi, esibandakanya ukuphumelela uviwo, kufuneka ukuba sigqityiwe ngaphambi komhla wama-24 ku-Agasti 2023. Iirekhodi zoqeqesho olunikwa abasebenzi mazigcinwe ngabaqeshi. Rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu, kuya kufuneka ukuhlaziywa koqeqesho. Kukho amanqanaba amathathu oqeqesho ahambelana namanqanaba ahlukeneyo omngcipheko. Umxholo woqeqesho olufunekayo lomntu ngamnye, ke ngoko, uya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lomngcipheko ajongene nawo.

Iqonga elitsha loqeqesho lwe-PU

I-FEICA, ngokubambisana ne-European Diisocyanate & Polyol Producers Association (ISOPA), i-European Aliphatic Isocyanates Producer Association (ALIPA), kunye namanye amashishini amaninzi kushishino lwe-polyurethane, ibisebenza nzima ukulungiselela inkqubo yoqeqesho ebanzi ukuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokukhuselekileyo kwee-diisocyanates kubavelisi kunye nabasebenzisi abaziingcali kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Ngale ndlela, i-FEICA ikwaqinisekisa ukuba bonke abasebenzisi bokugqibela be-PU equlethe izincamathelisi kunye nezitywina kulo lonke elaseYurophu bayaqhubeka nokuphatha ii-diisocyanates ngokukhuselekileyo. Iqonga loqeqesho laqaliswa ngesiNgesi ngoNovemba 2021. Ukususela nge-1 kaDisemba iya kufumaneka ngesiJamani.

Eli qonga liza kufumaneka kulo lonke i-EU, kwaye zonke izixhobo zoqeqesho ziya kufumaneka kuzo zonke iilwimi ze-EU phakathi kowama-2022. Ivawutsha yoqeqesho lwasimahla lwabo bonke abasebenzisi bokugqibela bezinto zokuncamathelisa ze-PU zaseYurophu kunye nezitywina iyafumaneka ku-www.feica.eu. Ukongeza, izixhobo zoqeqesho ziya kufumaneka kuqeqesho lomntu ngamnye kwigumbi lokufundela.

Iimbopheleleko zokulebhelisha

Ukususela ngomhla wama-24 kuFebruwari 2022, isivakalisi/ilebhile kufuneka ivele kwiimveliso ukuze zisetyenziswe kwimizi-mveliso okanye kumsebenzi onezinga elingaphezulu kwe-0.1% ngobunzima. Esi sivakalisi singafundeka ngolu hlobo: “Ukusukela ngomhla wama-24 ku-Agasti 2023, kufuneka uqeqesho olufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba le mveliso isetyenziswe kwimizi-mveliso okanye kumsebenzi.” Umda we-4 ku-Agasti 2020 phantsi kwe-REACH awuniki lwazi olongezelelweyo malunga neenkcukacha zelebhile (umz. ubungakanani, indawo, okanye ulwimi). Sikhuthaza kakhulu onke amaqela achaphazelekayo ukuba aqale ukwenza amalungiselelo okulebhile ngokukhawuleza kwaye ajonge iwebhusayithi ye-FEICA rhoqo ukuze afumane uhlaziyo.