Umphunga weMercury, i-light-emitting diode (LED), kunye ne-excimer ziiteknoloji ezahlukeneyo zezibane ze-UV-curing. Nangona zonke ezi zintathu zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-photopolymerization ukuya kwii-inki ezidibanisayo, ii-coating, i-adhesives, kunye ne-extrusions, iindlela ezivelisa amandla e-UV akhutshwe yimitha, kunye neempawu zemveliso ye-spectral ehambelanayo, zahlukile ngokupheleleyo. Ukuqonda la mahluko kubalulekile ekuphuhlisweni kwesicelo kunye nokwakheka, ukukhethwa komthombo we-UV-curing, kunye nokuhlanganiswa.
Izibane zomphunga weMercury
Zombini izibane ze-electrode arc kunye nezibane ze-microwave ezingena-electrode ziphantsi kodidi lomphunga we-mercury. Izibane ze-mercury vapor luhlobo lwezibane ezikhupha igesi ezinoxinzelelo oluphakathi apho inani elincinci le-elemental mercury kunye negesi engasebenziyo zifakwa kwi-plasma ngaphakathi kwityhubhu ye-quartz evaliweyo. I-Plasma yigesi ene-ionized enobushushu obuphezulu kakhulu ekwaziyo ukuqhuba umbane. Yenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-voltage yombane phakathi kwee-electrode ezimbini ngaphakathi kwesibane se-arc okanye ngokufaka isibane esingena-electrode ngaphakathi kwindawo ebiyelweyo okanye kwindawo efana ne-oven ye-microwave yasekhaya. Nje ukuba i-mercury plasma ikhupha ukukhanya okubanzi kwi-ultraviolet, ebonakalayo, kunye ne-infrared wavelengths.
Kwimeko yesibane se-arc sombane, i-voltage esetyenzisiweyo inika amandla ityhubhu ye-quartz evaliweyo. La mandla aphehla i-mercury ibe yi-plasma aze akhuphe ii-electron ezivela kwiiathom eziphehliweyo. Inxalenye yee-electron (-) ijikeleza kwi-electrode ye-tungsten okanye i-anode (+) yesibane kwaye iye kwisekethe yombane yenkqubo ye-UV. Ii-athom ezinee-electron ezisandula ukulahleka ziba zii-cations eziphehliweyo (+) ezihamba ziye kwi-electrode ye-tungsten okanye i-cathode (-) yesibane echajiwe kakubi. Njengoko zihamba, ii-cations zibetha ii-athomu ezingathathi cala kumxube wegesi. Impembelelo idlulisela ii-electron kwiiathom ezingathathi cala ukuya kwii-cations. Njengoko ii-cations zifumana ii-electron, ziwela kwimeko yamandla aphantsi. Umahluko wamandla ukhutshwa njengee-photon eziphuma kwityhubhu ye-quartz. Ukuba isibane sisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, sipholisiwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye sisebenza ngexesha laso eliluncedo, ukunikezelwa rhoqo kwee-cations ezisandula ukwenziwa (+) kuya kwi-electrode engalunganga okanye i-cathode (-), kubetha ii-athomu ezingaphezulu kwaye kuvelisa ukukhutshwa okuqhubekayo kokukhanya kwe-UV. Izibane ze-microwave zisebenza ngendlela efanayo ngaphandle kokuba ii-microwave, ezaziwa ngokuba yi-radio frequency (RF), zithatha indawo yesekethe yombane. Ekubeni izibane ze-microwave zingenazo ii-electrode ze-tungsten kwaye ziyityhubhu ye-quartz evaliweyo equlethe i-mercury kunye negesi engasebenziyo, zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zi-electrodeless.
Isiphumo se-UV sezibane zomphunga ze-broadband okanye ze-wide-spectrum ze-mercury sigubungela ubude be-ultraviolet, obubonakalayo, kunye nobude be-infrared, ngokulinganayo. Inxalenye ye-ultraviolet ibandakanya umxube we-UVC (200 ukuya kwi-280 nm), i-UVB (280 ukuya kwi-315 nm), i-UVA (315 ukuya kwi-400 nm), kunye ne-UVV (400 ukuya kwi-450 nm). Izibane ezikhupha i-UVC kwii-wavelengths ezingaphantsi kwe-240 nm zivelisa i-ozone kwaye zifuna i-exhaust okanye i-filtration.
Isiphumo se-spectral sesibane somphunga se-mercury sinokutshintshwa ngokongeza amanani amancinci e-dopants, afana: iron (Fe), gallium (Ga), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi), okanye indium (In). Iintsimbi ezongeziweyo zitshintsha ukwakheka kwe-plasma kwaye, ngenxa yoko, amandla akhutshwayo xa ii-cations zifumana ii-electron. Izibane ezineentsimbi ezongeziweyo zibizwa ngokuba yi-doped, additive, kunye ne-metal halide. Uninzi lwee-inki ezenziwe nge-UV, ii-coating, i-adhesives, kunye ne-extrusions zenzelwe ukufanisa isiphumo sezibane ezidityanisiweyo ze-mercury- (Hg) okanye ze-iron- (Fe). Izibane ezenziwe nge-iron zitshintsha inxalenye yesiphumo se-UV ziye kumaza amade, abonakala kufutshane, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungeneni okungcono kwiifomyula ezijiyileyo, ezinombala omninzi. Iifomyula ze-UV eziqulethe i-titanium dioxide zihlala ziphila ngcono ngezibane ezenziwe nge-gallium (GA). Oku kungenxa yokuba izibane ze-gallium zitshintsha inxalenye ebalulekileyo yesiphumo se-UV ziye kumaza amade angaphezu kwe-380 nm. Ekubeni izongezo ze-titanium dioxide ngokubanzi zingafunxi ukukhanya okungaphezulu kwe-380 nm, ukusebenzisa izibane ze-gallium ezineefomyula ezimhlophe kuvumela amandla amaninzi e-UV ukuba afunxwe zi-photoinitiators ngokungafaniyo nezongezo.
Iiprofayili zeSpectral zibonelela ngeefomyula kunye nabasebenzisi bokugqibela ngembonakalo ebonakalayo yendlela imveliso ekhutshwayo yoyilo lwesibane esithile esasazwa ngayo kwi-electromagnetic spectrum. Ngelixa i-mercury evuvukileyo kunye neentsimbi ezongeziweyo zineempawu zemitha ezichaziweyo, umxube ochanekileyo wezinto kunye neegesi ezingasebenziyo ngaphakathi kwetyhubhu ye-quartz kunye nokwakhiwa kwesibane kunye noyilo lwenkqubo yokupholisa zonke zichaphazela imveliso ye-UV. Imveliso yespectral yesibane esingadibaniyo esisebenza kwaye silinganiswe ngumthengisi wesibane emoyeni ovulekileyo iya kuba nemveliso yespectral eyahlukileyo kunesibane esifakwe ngaphakathi kwentloko yesibane esine-reflector eyilwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokupholisa. Iiprofayili zeSpectral ziyafumaneka ngokulula kubaboneleli beenkqubo ze-UV, kwaye ziluncedo ekuphuhlisweni kwefomyula kunye nokukhetha izibane.
Iprofayili eqhelekileyo ye-spectral ibonisa ukukhanya kwe-spectral kwi-y-axis kunye ne-wavelength kwi-x-axis. Ukukhanya kwe-spectral kungabonakaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kuquka ixabiso elipheleleyo (umz. W/cm2/nm) okanye imilinganiselo engacwangciswanga, ehambelanayo, okanye eqhelekileyo (engenayunithi). Iiprofayili zihlala zibonisa ulwazi njengetshathi yomgca okanye njengetshathi yebha edibanisa amaqela kwiibhendi ze-10 nm. Igrafu elandelayo yesiphumo se-spectral ye-mercury arc lamp ibonisa ukukhanya okulinganiselweyo ngokubhekiselele kubude be-wavelength kwiinkqubo ze-GEW (Umfanekiso 1).
UMZOBO 1 »Iitshathi zeziphumo zeSpectral zemercury kunye nesinyithi.
Isibane ligama elisetyenziselwa ukubhekisa kwityhubhu ye-quartz ekhupha i-UV eYurophu nase-Asia, ngelixa uMntla Melika naseMzantsi Melika bedla ngokusebenzisa umxube webhalbhu kunye nesibane onokutshintshaniswa. Isibane kunye nentloko yesibane zombini zibhekisa kwindibano epheleleyo egcina ityhubhu ye-quartz kunye nazo zonke ezinye izinto zoomatshini nezombane.
Izibane ze-Electrode Arc
Iinkqubo zezibane ze-electrode arc ziquka intloko yesibane, ifeni yokupholisa okanye i-chiller, umbane, kunye nojongano lomntu nomatshini (i-HMI). Intloko yesibane iquka isibane (ibhalbhu), isibonisi, i-casing yesinyithi okanye i-housing, i-shutter assembly, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-quartz window okanye i-wire guard. I-GEW ifaka iityhubhu zayo ze-quartz, ii-reflectors, kunye neendlela ze-shutter ngaphakathi kwee-cassette assemblies ezinokususwa ngokulula kwi-casing yentloko yesibane yangaphandle okanye i-housing. Ukususa ikhasethi ye-GEW kudla ngokufezwa kwimizuzwana kusetyenziswa i-Allen wrench enye. Ngenxa yokuba imveliso ye-UV, ubungakanani kunye nemilo yentloko yesibane iyonke, iimpawu zenkqubo, kunye neemfuno zezixhobo ezincedisayo ziyahluka ngokwesicelo kunye nemarike, iinkqubo zezibane ze-electrode arc zihlala zenzelwe udidi oluthile lwezicelo okanye iintlobo zoomatshini ezifanayo.
Izibane zomphunga weMercury zikhupha ukukhanya okungama-360° ukusuka kwityhubhu ye-quartz. Iinkqubo zezibane ze-arc zisebenzisa ii-reflectors ezikwicala nangasemva kwesibane ukuze zibambe kwaye zijolise ngakumbi kukukhanya kumgama othile phambi kwentloko yesibane. Lo mgama waziwa ngokuba yi-focus kwaye kulapho ukukhanya kukhulu khona. Izibane ze-arc zihlala zikhupha ukusuka kwi-5 ukuya kwi-12 W/cm2 kwindawo egxile kuyo. Ekubeni malunga ne-70% ye-UV ephuma kwintloko yesibane ivela kwi-reflector, kubalulekile ukugcina ii-reflectors zicocekile kwaye uzitshintshe rhoqo. Ukungazicoci okanye ukuzitshintsha ii-reflectors kunegalelo eliqhelekileyo ekungonakalisi ngokwaneleyo.
Kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, i-GEW ibiphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zayo zokulungisa, ilungisa iimpawu kunye nemveliso ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zezicelo ezithile kunye neemarike, kwaye iphuhlisa ipotifoliyo enkulu yezixhobo zokudibanisa. Ngenxa yoko, izibonelelo zorhwebo zanamhlanje ezivela kwi-GEW ziquka uyilo lwezindlu ezincinci, ii-reflectors ezilungiselelwe ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kwe-UV kunye ne-infrared enciphisiweyo, iindlela zokuvala ezizinzileyo, ii-web skirts kunye ne-slots, ukondla iwebhu ye-clam-shell, i-nitrogen inertion, iintloko ezixinzelelweyo kakuhle, i-touch-screen operator interface, izixhobo zamandla eziqinileyo, ukusebenza kakuhle okukhulu, ukujonga imveliso ye-UV, kunye nokujonga inkqubo ekude.
Xa izibane ze-electrode ezinoxinzelelo oluphakathi zisebenza, ubushushu bomphezulu we-quartz buphakathi kwama-600 °C nama-800 °C, kwaye ubushushu bangaphakathi beplasma bungama-degrees Celsius amaninzi. Umoya ophoqelelweyo yindlela ephambili yokugcina ubushushu obuchanekileyo bokusebenza kwesibane kunye nokususa amandla athile e-infrared akhutshwe yimitha. I-GEW inika lo moya kakubi; oku kuthetha ukuba umoya utsalwa nge-casing, ecaleni kwe-reflector kunye nesibane, kwaye ukhuphe i-assembly kwaye uphume kumatshini okanye kumphezulu wokucoca. Ezinye iinkqubo ze-GEW ezifana ne-E4C zisebenzisa ukupholisa ulwelo, okuvumela ukuphuma kwe-UV okukhulu kancinci kwaye kunciphisa ubungakanani bentloko yesibane iyonke.
Izibane ze-electrode arc zinemijikelo yokufudumeza kunye neyokupholisa. Izibane zibethelwa ngokupholisa okuncinci. Oku kuvumela i-mercury plasma ukuba inyuke iye kubushushu obufunekayo bokusebenza, ivelise ii-electron kunye nee-cations zasimahla, kwaye ivumele ukuhamba kwamandla. Xa intloko yesibane icinyiwe, ukupholisa kuyaqhubeka nokusebenza imizuzu embalwa ukuze kuphole ngokulinganayo ityhubhu ye-quartz. Isibane esishushu kakhulu asiyi kuphinda sibethe kwaye kufuneka siqhubeke sipholile. Ubude bomjikelo wokuqala kunye nowokupholisa, kunye nokonakala kwee-electrodes ngexesha lokubetha kwe-voltage nganye yingakho iindlela ze-pneumatic shutter zihlala zidityaniswa kwiindibano zesibane se-electrode arc se-GEW. Umfanekiso 2 ubonisa izibane ze-electrode arc ezipholileyo emoyeni (E2C) kunye nezibane ze-electrode ezipholileyo ngolwelo (E4C).
UMZOBO 2 »Izibane ze-electrode arc ezipholisiweyo ngolwelo (E4C) kunye nezipholisiweyo ngomoya (E2C).
Izibane ze-UV ze-LED
Ii-semi-conductors zizinto eziqinileyo, ezi-crystalline ezikwaziyo ukudlulisa umbane kancinci. Umbane uhamba nge-semi-conductor ngcono kune-insulator, kodwa awuhambi kakuhle njenge-metallic conductor. Ii-semi-conductors ezenzeka ngokwemvelo kodwa ezingasebenzi kakuhle ziquka izinto ezifana ne-silicon, i-germanium, kunye ne-selenium. Ii-semi-conductors ezenziwe ngokwenziweyo ezenzelwe ukuvelisa nokusebenza kakuhle zizinto ezidityanisiweyo ezinokungcola okufakwe ngqo kwisakhiwo sekristale. Kwimeko yee-LED ze-UV, i-aluminium gallium nitride (AlGaN) yinto esetyenziswa rhoqo.
Ii-semi-conductors zibalulekile kwi-elektroniki yanamhlanje kwaye zenzelwe ukwenza ii-transistors, ii-diode, ii-diode ezikhupha ukukhanya, kunye nee-micro-processors. Izixhobo ze-semi-conductor zidityaniswe kwiisekethe zombane kwaye zifakelwe ngaphakathi kwiimveliso ezifana neefowuni eziphathwayo, iilaptops, iitablets, izixhobo, iinqwelomoya, iimoto, ii-remote controllers, kwaneethoyi zabantwana. Ezi zinto zincinci kodwa zinamandla zenza iimveliso zemihla ngemihla zisebenze ngelixa zivumela izinto ukuba zibe ncinci, zincinci, zibe nobunzima obuphantsi, kwaye zifikeleleke ngakumbi.
Kwimeko ekhethekileyo yee-LED, izinto ze-semi-conductor eziyilwe ngokuchanekileyo nezakhiweyo zikhupha iibhendi zokukhanya ezimxinwa xa ziqhagamshelwe kumthombo wamandla we-DC. Ukukhanya kuveliswa kuphela xa umbane uphuma kwi-anode e-positive (+) ukuya kwi-cathode e-negative (-) ye-LED nganye. Ekubeni i-LED output ilawulwa ngokukhawuleza nangokulula kwaye ilawulwa ngokulinganayo, ii-LED zilungele ukusetyenziswa njengezi: izibane ze-indicator; imiqondiso yonxibelelwano ye-infrared; ukukhanyisa iiTV, iilaptop, iitablet, kunye neefowuni ezihlakaniphileyo; izibonakaliso ze-elektroniki, iibhodi zentengiso, kunye nee-jumbotrons; kunye ne-UV curing.
I-LED yindawo yokuhlangana ene-positive-negative (i-pn junction). Oku kuthetha ukuba inxenye enye ye-LED ine-positive charge kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-anode (+), kwaye enye inxalenye ine-negative charge kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yi-cathode (-). Ngelixa omabini amacala eqhuba kakuhle, umda we-junction apho la macala mabini adibana khona, owaziwa ngokuba yindawo yokuphela, awuqhubi. Xa i-terminal ye-positive (+) yomthombo wamandla ombane othe ngqo (DC) iqhagamshelwe kwi-anode (+) ye-LED, kwaye i-terminal ye-negative (-) yomthombo iqhagamshelwe kwi-cathode (-), ii-electron ezitshajiswe kakubi kwi-cathode kunye nezithuba ze-electron ezitshajiswe kakuhle kwi-anode ziyagxothwa ngumthombo wamandla kwaye zityhalelwe kwindawo yokuphela. Oku kukukhetha phambili, kwaye kunefuthe lokoyisa umda ongekhoyo. Isiphumo kukuba ii-electron ezikhululekileyo kummandla we-n-type ziyawela kwaye zizalise izithuba kummandla we-p-type. Njengoko ii-electron zihamba ngaphesheya komda, zitshintshela kwimeko yamandla aphantsi. Ukwehla kwamandla kukhutshwa kwi-semi-conductor njenge-photons yokukhanya.
Izixhobo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo ezakha ulwakhiwo lwe-crystalline LED zimisela imveliso ye-spectral. Namhlanje, imithombo yokwelapha ye-LED ethengiswayo inemveliso ye-ultraviolet ephakathi kwi-365, 385, 395, kunye ne-405 nm, ukunyamezela okuqhelekileyo kwe-±5 nm, kunye nokusasazwa kwe-spectral ye-Gaussian. Okukhona i-peak spectral irradiance inkulu (W/cm2/nm), kokukhona i-bell curve iphakama. Ngelixa uphuhliso lwe-UVC luqhubeka phakathi kwe-275 kunye ne-285 nm, imveliso, ubomi, ukuthembeka, kunye neendleko azikafumaneki kurhwebo kwiinkqubo zokulungisa kunye nokusetyenziswa.
Ekubeni imveliso ye-UV-LED okwangoku ilinganiselwe kwii-wavelengths ezinde ze-UVA, inkqubo yokulungisa i-UV-LED ayikhuphi i-broadband spectral output ephawulekayo yezibane zomphunga we-mercury ezinoxinzelelo oluphakathi. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkqubo zokulungisa i-UV-LED azikhuphi i-UVC, i-UVB, ukukhanya okubonakalayo, kunye ne-infrared wavelengths ezivelisa ubushushu. Nangona oku kuvumela iinkqubo zokulungisa i-UV-LED ukuba zisetyenziswe kwizicelo ezinobushushu obuphezulu, ii-inki ezikhoyo, ii-coatings, kunye ne-adhesives ezenzelwe izibane ze-mercury ezinoxinzelelo oluphakathi kufuneka zihlengahlengiswe kwiinkqubo zokulungisa i-UV-LED. Ngethamsanqa, abathengisi bekhemistri baya beyila ngakumbi izibonelelo njenge-dual cure. Oku kuthetha ukuba ifomyula yokulungisa kabini eyenzelwe ukunyanga ngesibane se-UV-LED iya kunyanga nangesibane somphunga we-mercury (Umfanekiso 3).
UMZOBO 3 »Itshathi yemveliso yeSpectral ye-LED.
Iinkqubo zokuphilisa ze-UV-LED ze-GEW zikhupha ukuya kuthi ga kwi-30 W/cm2 kwifestile ekhupha ukukhanya. Ngokungafaniyo nezibane ze-electrode arc, iinkqubo zokuphilisa ze-UV-LED azibandakanyi izibonisi eziqondisa imisebe yokukhanya kwindawo egxile kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, ukukhanya okuphezulu kwe-UV-LED kwenzeka kufutshane nefestile ekhupha ukukhanya. Imitha ye-UV-LED ekhutshwayo iyahluka njengoko umgama phakathi kwentloko yesibane kunye nomphezulu wokupholisa unyuka. Oku kunciphisa uxinano lokukhanya kunye nobukhulu bokukhanya okufikelela kumphezulu wokupholisa. Nangona ukukhanya okuphezulu kubalulekile ekudibaniseni, ukukhanya okuphezulu ngakumbi akusoloko kuluncedo kwaye kunokuthintela uxinano olukhulu lwe-crosslinking. Ubude be-wavelength (nm), ukukhanya (W/cm2) kunye noxinano lwamandla (J/cm2) zonke zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvuseleleni ukukhanya, kwaye impembelelo yazo edibeneyo ekuvuseleleni kufuneka iqondwe ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha lokukhetha umthombo we-UV-LED.
Ii-LED ziyimithombo yeLambertian. Ngamanye amazwi, i-UV LED nganye ikhupha imveliso efanayo phambili kuyo yonke i-hemisphere eyi-360° x 180°. Ii-UV LED ezininzi, nganye ikwi-odolo yesikwere se-millimeter, zicwangciswe kumqolo omnye, i-matrix yemigca kunye neekholamu, okanye olunye uhlengahlengiso. Ezi ndibano zincinci, ezaziwa ngokuba ziimodyuli okanye ii-arrays, zenziwe ngesithuba phakathi kwee-LED eziqinisekisa ukudibana kwiindawo ezivulekileyo kwaye zenze kube lula ukupholisa i-diode. Iimodyuli ezininzi okanye ii-arrays emva koko zicwangciswa kwiindibano ezinkulu ukuze zenze ubungakanani obahlukeneyo beenkqubo zokupholisa i-UV (Imifanekiso 4 kunye no-5). Ezinye izinto ezifunekayo ukwakha inkqubo yokupholisa i-UV-LED ziquka isinki yobushushu, ifestile yokukhupha, abaqhubi be-elektroniki, izixhobo zamandla ze-DC, inkqubo yokupholisa ulwelo okanye i-chiller, kunye ne-human machine interface (HMI).
UMZOBO 4 »Inkqubo yeLeLED yewebhu.
UMZOBO 5 »Inkqubo yeLeLED yokufaka izibane ezininzi ngesantya esiphezulu.
Ekubeni iinkqubo zokunyanga ze-UV-LED azikhanyisi ubude be-infrared. Ngokwemvelo zidlulisela amandla amancinci obushushu kumphezulu wokunyanga kunezibane zomphunga we-mercury, kodwa oku akuthethi ukuba ii-UV LED kufuneka zithathwe njengeteknoloji yokunyanga ebandayo. Iinkqubo zokunyanga ze-UV-LED zinokukhupha ukukhanya okuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye ubude be-ultraviolet luhlobo lwamandla. Nantoni na ephumayo engafunxwanga yikhemistri iya kufudumeza inxalenye engaphantsi okanye isiseko kunye nezinto ezijikelezileyo zomatshini.
Ii-LED ze-UV zikwangamacandelo ombane angasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yoyilo kunye nokwenziwa kwe-semi-conductor eluhlaza kunye neendlela zokwenza kunye namacandelo asetyenziselwa ukupakisha ii-LED kwiyunithi enkulu yokupholisa. Ngelixa ubushushu betyhubhu ye-mercury vapor quartz kufuneka bugcinwe phakathi kwama-600 nama-800 °C ngexesha lokusebenza, ubushushu be-LED pn junction kufuneka buhlale bungaphantsi kwama-120 °C. Yi-35-50% kuphela yombane onika amandla i-UV-LED array eguqulwa ibe yi-ultraviolet output (ixhomekeke kakhulu kubude be-wavelength). Okuseleyo kuguqulwa kube bubushushu obushushu obumele bususwe ukuze kugcinwe ubushushu obufunekayo bokuxhuma kunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhanya kwenkqubo ethile, ubuninzi bamandla, kunye nokufana, kunye nobomi obude. Ii-LED ngokwemvelo zizixhobo eziqinileyo ezihlala ixesha elide, kwaye ukudibanisa ii-LED kwiindibano ezinkulu kunye neenkqubo zokupholisa eziyilwe kakuhle nezigcinwe kakuhle kubalulekile ekufezekiseni iinkcukacha zobomi obude. Ayizizo zonke iinkqubo zokupholisa ii-UV ezifanayo, kwaye iinkqubo zokupholisa ii-UV-LED eziyilwe kwaye zipholile ngendlela engafanelekanga zinethuba elikhulu lokutshisa kakhulu kwaye zisilele ngendlela eyingozi.
Izibane ze-Arc/LED Hybrid
Kuyo nayiphi na imakethi apho ubuchwepheshe obutsha buqaliswa khona njengendawo yobuchwepheshe obukhoyo, kunokubakho uloyiko malunga nokwamkelwa kunye nokuthandabuza ukusebenza. Abasebenzisi abanokubakho badla ngokulibazisa ukwamkelwa de kube sisiseko sokufakelwa esimiselweyo, kupapashwe izifundo zamatyala, ubungqina obuhle buqala ukujikeleza ngobuninzi, kwaye/okanye bafumana amava okanye iireferensi ezivela kubantu kunye neenkampani abaziyo nabathembayo. Ubungqina obuqinileyo budla ngokufuneka ngaphambi kokuba imakethi yonke ilahle ngokupheleleyo utshintsho oludala nolupheleleyo luye kolutsha. Akuncedi ukuba amabali empumelelo adla ngokuba ziimfihlo ezigcinwe ngokuqinileyo njengoko abo baqalayo ukwamkela bengafuni ukuba abakhuphisana nabo bafumane iingenelo ezifanayo. Ngenxa yoko, amabali okwenyani kunye nawagqithisileyo okuphoxeka ngamanye amaxesha anokuthetha yonke imakethi ifihla iingenelo zokwenyani zobuchwepheshe obutsha kwaye iqhubeke nokulibazisa ukwamkelwa.
Kuyo yonke imbali, kwaye njengendlela yokuthintela ukwamkelwa ngokungathandi, uyilo lwe-hybrid luye lwamkelwe rhoqo njengebhulorho yokutshintsha phakathi kobuchwepheshe obukhoyo nobutsha. Ii-hybrids zivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafumane ukuzithemba baze bazikhethele indlela kunye nexesha iimveliso ezintsha okanye iindlela ekufuneka zisetyenziswe ngalo, ngaphandle kokulahla amandla angoku. Kwimeko yokulungisa i-UV, inkqubo ye-hybrid ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba batshintshe ngokukhawuleza nangokulula phakathi kwezibane zomphunga we-mercury kunye nobuchwepheshe be-LED. Kwimigca enezikhululo ezininzi zokulungisa, ii-hybrids zivumela oomatshini bokushicilela ukuba basebenzise i-100% LED, i-100% mercury vapor, okanye nayiphi na ingxubevange yezobuchwepheshe ezimbini ezifunekayo kumsebenzi othile.
I-GEW inikezela ngeenkqubo ze-arc/LED hybrid zabaguquli bewebhu. Isisombululo senzelwe ilebhile ye-gew enkulu yemarike, i-narrow-web, kodwa uyilo lwe-hybrid lukwasetyenziswa nakwezinye iinkqubo zewebhu kunye nezingezizo ezewebhu (Umfanekiso 6). I-arc/LED ibandakanya i-lamp head housing eqhelekileyo enokwamkela umphunga we-mercury okanye ikhasethi ye-LED. Zombini iikhasethi zisebenzisa inkqubo yamandla kunye nolawulo oluqhelekileyo. Ubulumko ngaphakathi kwenkqubo buvumela umahluko phakathi kweentlobo zeekhasethi kwaye bubonelela ngokuzenzekelayo amandla afanelekileyo, ukupholisa, kunye nomdibaniso womqhubi. Ukususa okanye ukufaka nayiphi na yeekhasethi ze-mercury vapor ze-GEW okanye ze-LED kudla ngokwenziwa ngemizuzwana kusetyenziswa isitshixo esinye se-Allen.
UMZOBO 6 »Inkqubo ye-Arc/LED yewebhu.
Izibane ze-Excimer
Izibane ze-Excimer luhlobo lwesibane esikhupha igesi esikhupha amandla e-ultraviolet angama-quasi-monochromatic. Ngelixa izibane ze-excimer zifumaneka kwii-wavelengths ezininzi, iziphumo eziqhelekileyo ze-ultraviolet ziphakathi kwi-172, 222, 308, kunye ne-351 nm. Izibane ze-excimer ze-172-nm ziwela ngaphakathi kwe-vacuum UV band (100 ukuya kwi-200 nm), ngelixa i-222 nm i-UVC kuphela (200 ukuya kwi-280 nm). Izibane ze-excimer ze-308-nm zikhupha i-UVB (280 ukuya kwi-315 nm), kwaye i-351 nm yi-UVA eqinileyo (315 ukuya kwi-400 nm).
Amaza e-UV angena kwi-vacuum ayi-172-nm mafutshane kwaye anamandla amaninzi kune-UVC; nangona kunjalo, ayasokola ukungena nzulu kakhulu kwizinto. Enyanisweni, amaza e-172-nm angena ngokupheleleyo kwi-10 ukuya kwi-200 nm ephezulu ye-UV-formulated chemistry. Ngenxa yoko, izibane ze-excimer eziyi-172-nm ziya kunqumla kuphela umphezulu ongaphandle we-UV formulations kwaye kufuneka zidityaniswe nezinye izixhobo zokuphilisa. Ekubeni amaza e-UV angena kwi-vacuum nawo angena emoyeni, izibane ze-excimer eziyi-172-nm kufuneka zisebenze kwindawo enomphunga we-nitrogen.
Uninzi lwezibane ze-excimer zenziwe ngetyhubhu ye-quartz esebenza njengomqobo we-dielectric. Le tube izaliswe ziigesi ezinqabileyo ezikwaziyo ukwenza ii-excimer okanye ii-exciplex molecules (Umfanekiso 7). Iigesi ezahlukeneyo zivelisa ii-molecules ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ii-molecules ezahlukeneyo ezivuselelweyo zimisela ukuba zeziphi ii-wavelengths ezikhutshwa sisibane. I-electrode ene-voltage ephezulu isebenza kubude bangaphakathi betyhubhu ye-quartz, kwaye ii-electrodes zomhlaba zisebenza kubude bangaphandle. Ii-voltages zityhalelwa kwisibane kumaza aphezulu. Oku kubangela ukuba ii-electron zihambe ngaphakathi kwe-electrode yangaphakathi kwaye zikhuphe kumxube wegesi ziye kwii-electrodes zomhlaba zangaphandle. Le nto yesayensi yaziwa ngokuba yi-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD). Njengoko ii-electron zihamba ngegesi, zisebenzisana nee-athomu kwaye zenze iintlobo ezinikwe amandla okanye i-ionized ezivelisa ii-excimer okanye ii-exciplex molecules. Ii-molecule ze-Excimer kunye ne-exciplex zinobomi obufutshane kakhulu, kwaye njengoko zibola ukusuka kwimeko evuselelwe ukuya kwimeko yomhlaba, ii-photons zokusasazwa kwe-quasi-monochromatic ziyakhutshwa.
UMZOBO 7 »Isibane se-Excimer
Ngokungafaniyo nezibane zomphunga zemercury, umphezulu wetyhubhu ye-quartz yesibane se-excimer awutshisi. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwezibane ze-excimer zisebenza ngokupholisa okuncinci okanye okungekhoyo. Kwezinye iimeko, kufuneka inqanaba eliphantsi lokupholisa elihlala libonelelwa yigesi ye-nitrogen. Ngenxa yokuzinza kobushushu besi sibane, izibane ze-excimer 'zivuliwe/zivalwe' ngoko nangoko kwaye azidingi mijikelo yokufudumeza okanye yokuphola.
Xa izibane ze-excimer ezikhanya kwi-172 nm zidityaniswe kunye neenkqubo ze-UVA-LED ezikhazimlayo kunye nezibane ze-mercury vapor ezibanzi, kuvela iziphumo zomphezulu we-matting. Izibane ze-UVA LED zisetyenziswa kuqala ukugaya i-chemistry. Izibane ze-excimer ezibanzi zisetyenziselwa ukupholisa umphezulu, kwaye okokugqibela izibane ze-mercury ezibanzi zidibanisa yonke i-chemistry. Iziphumo ezizodwa ze-spectral zeteknoloji ezintathu ezisetyenziswa kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zibonelela ngeziphumo ezilungileyo zokukhanya nokusebenza komphezulu ezingenakuphunyezwa nangayiphi na imithombo ye-UV yodwa.
Amaza obude be-Excimer angama-172 kunye nama-222 nm akwasebenza kakuhle ekutshabalaliseni izinto eziyingozi eziphilayo kunye neentsholongwane eziyingozi, nto leyo eyenza izibane ze-excimer zibe luncedo ekucoceni umphezulu, ekubulaleni iintsholongwane, nasekunyangweni kwamandla omphezulu.
Ubomi besibane
Ngokuphathelele ubomi besibane okanye ibhalbhu, izibane ze-arc ze-GEW zihlala zifikelela kwiiyure ezingama-2,000. Ubomi besibane abuyonto ipheleleyo, njengoko umbane we-UV uncipha kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye uchaphazeleka zizinto ezahlukeneyo. Uyilo kunye nomgangatho wesibane, kunye nemeko yokusebenza kwenkqubo ye-UV kunye nokusebenza kwakhona kwento eyenziweyo. Iinkqubo ze-UV eziyilwe ngokufanelekileyo ziqinisekisa ukuba amandla afanelekileyo kunye nokupholisa okufunekayo kuyilo lwesibane esithile (ibhalbhu) kuyabonelelwa.
Izibane ezibonelelwa yi-GEW (iibhalbhu) zihlala zibonelela ngobomi obude xa zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokucoca ze-GEW. Imithombo yesibini yokubonelela ngokubanzi iguqule isibane ngokwesampulu, kwaye iikopi zisenokungabi naso isiphetho esifanayo sokufakelwa, ububanzi be-quartz, umxholo we-mercury, okanye umxube wegesi, konke oku kunokuchaphazela imveliso ye-UV kunye nokuveliswa kobushushu. Xa ukuveliswa kobushushu kungalingani nxamnye nokupholisa kwenkqubo, isibane siyachaphazeleka kukuphuma kunye nobomi. Izibane ezisebenza ngokupholileyo zikhupha i-UV encinci. Izibane ezisebenza ngokushushu ngakumbi azihlali ixesha elide kwaye zigobile kubushushu obuphezulu.
Ubomi bezibane ze-electrode arc bunqunyelwe bubushushu bokusebenza kwesibane, inani leeyure zokusebenza, kunye nenani lokuqalisa okanye ukubetha. Ngalo lonke ixesha isibane sibethwa nge-arc ephezulu yombane ngexesha lokuqalisa, inxalenye ye-electrode ye-tungsten iyaphela. Ekugqibeleni, isibane asiyi kuphinda sibethe. Izibane ze-electrode arc ziquka iindlela zokuvala ezithi, xa zisebenza, zithintele ukuphuma kwe-UV njengendlela yokutshintsha amandla esibane ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ii-inki ezisabela ngakumbi, ii-coating, kunye nee-adhesives zinokubangela ubomi bezibane obude; ngelixa, iifomyula ezisabela kancinci zinokufuna utshintsho lwezibane rhoqo.
Iinkqubo ze-UV-LED zihlala ixesha elide kunezibane eziqhelekileyo, kodwa ubomi be-UV-LED abuyonto iqinisekileyo. Njengakwizibane eziqhelekileyo, ii-UV LED zinemida yokuba zinokuqhutywa nzima kangakanani kwaye ngokubanzi kufuneka zisebenze ngamaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-120 °C. Ii-LED eziqhuba kakhulu kunye nee-LED ezingapholiyo ziya kubeka ubomi esichengeni, nto leyo ebangela ukuwohloka okukhawulezileyo okanye ukusilela okukhulu. Ayingabo bonke ababoneleli beenkqubo ze-UV-LED okwangoku ababonelela ngoyilo oluhlangabezana nobomi obuphezulu obumiselweyo obungaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-20,000. Iinkqubo eziyilwe ngcono nezigcinwe kakuhle ziya kuhlala ngaphaya kweeyure ezingama-20,000, kwaye iinkqubo ezingaphantsi ziya kusilela kwiifestile ezimfutshane kakhulu. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uyilo lweenkqubo ze-LED luyaqhubeka nokuphucula kwaye luhlala ixesha elide ngokuphindaphinda koyilo ngalunye.
I-Ozon
Xa ubude obufutshane be-UVC buchaphazela iimolekyuli zeoksijini (O2), zibangela ukuba iimolekyuli zeoksijini (O2) zahlulwe zibe ziiathom ezimbini zeoksijini (O2). Iiathom zeoksijini ezikhululekileyo (O) emva koko zingqubana nezinye iimolekyuli zeoksijini (O2) kwaye zenze i-ozone (O3). Ekubeni i-trioksijini (O3) ingazinzanga kangako emhlabeni kune-dioksijini (O2), i-ozone ibuyela ngokulula kwimolekyuli yeoksijini (O2) kunye neathom yeoksijini (O) njengoko idlula emoyeni womoya. Iiathom zeoksijini ezikhululekileyo (O2) emva koko zidibana kwakhona ngaphakathi kwenkqubo yokukhupha umoya ukuze zivelise iimolekyuli zeoksijini (O2).
Kwizicelo zokucoca i-UV kwimizi-mveliso, i-ozone (O3) iveliswa xa ioksijini esemoyeni idibana namaza e-ultraviolet angaphantsi kwama-240 nm. Imithombo yokucoca umphunga ye-mercury ebanzi ikhupha i-UVC phakathi kwama-200 nama-280 nm, ehambelana nenxalenye yendawo evelisa i-ozone, kwaye izibane ze-excimer zikhupha i-vacuum UV kwi-172 nm okanye i-UVC kwi-222 nm. I-ozone eyenziwe ngumphunga we-mercury kunye nezibane ze-excimer eziphilisayo ayizinzanga kwaye ayisiyongxaki enkulu kwindalo, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba isuswe kwindawo ekufutshane ejikeleze abasebenzi kuba iyinto ecaphukisayo yokuphefumla kwaye inetyhefu kumanqanaba aphezulu. Ekubeni iinkqubo zokucoca i-UV-LED zorhwebo zikhupha imveliso ye-UVA phakathi kwama-365 nama-405 nm, i-ozone ayiveliswa.
I-ozone inevumba elifana nelesinyithi, ucingo oluvuthayo, i-chlorine, kunye ne-spark yombane. Iimvakalelo zokuhombisa zabantu zinokubona i-ozone engaphantsi kwe-0.01 ukuya kwi-0.03 parts per million (ppm). Nangona iyahluka ngokwenqanaba lomntu nomsebenzi, ubuninzi bayo obungaphezulu kwe-0.4 ppm bunokubangela iziphumo ezimbi zokuphefumla kunye neentloko ezibuhlungu. Umoya ofanelekileyo kufuneka ufakwe kwimigca yokupholisa i-UV ukunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi kwi-ozone.
Iinkqubo zokucoca i-UV zihlala ziyilelwe ukugcina umoya ophumayo njengoko uphuma kwiintloko zezibane ukuze ukwazi ukuwukhupha kude nabaqhubi nangaphandle kwesakhiwo apho ubola khona ngokwendalo xa kukho ioksijini kunye nelanga. Ngaphandle koko, izibane ezingenayo i-ozone zifaka isongezo se-quartz esithintela ubude bamaza avelisa i-ozone, kwaye izixhobo ezifuna ukuphepha ukuvuza okanye ukusika imingxunya eluphahleni zihlala zisebenzisa izihluzi ekuphumeni kweefeni zokukhupha umoya.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-19-2024
