I-Asia ibangela uninzi lwemarike yokugquma iinqanawa zaselwandle kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yoxinzelelo lweshishini lokwakha iinqanawa eJapan, eMzantsi Korea naseTshayina.
Imarike yokugquma iinqanawa zasolwandle kumazwe aseAsia ilawulwa ziinkampani ezinkulu zokwakha iinqanawa ezifana neJapan, South Korea, Singapore, neChina. Kwiminyaka eli-15 edlulileyo, ukukhula kwishishini lokwakha iinqanawa eIndiya, eVietnam nasePhilippines kubonelele ngamathuba abalulekileyo kubavelisi bezinto zokugquma iinqanawa zasolwandle. I-Coatings World inika isishwankathelo semarike yokugquma iinqanawa zasolwandle eAsia kweli candelo.
Isishwankathelo seMarike yeeNgqungquthela zaseLwandle kwiNgingqi yaseAsia
Iqikelelwa kwi-USD $3,100 yezigidi ekupheleni kuka-2023, imakethi yokugquma iilwandle ivele njengecandelo elibalulekileyo leshishini lokupenda kunye nokugquma lilonke kwiminyaka elishumi elinesiqingatha edlulileyo.
I-Asia ibangela uninzi lwemarike yokugquma iinqanawa emhlabeni ngenxa yoxinzelelo lweshishini lokwakha iinqanawa eJapan, eMzantsi Korea
kunye neTshayina. Iinqanawa ezintsha zenza i-40-45% yepeyinti iyonke yolwandle. Ukulungiswa nokugcinwa zenza i-50-52% yemarike iyonke yolwandle, ngelixa iinqanawa zolonwabo/iinqanawa zenza i-3-4% yemarike.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwisiqendu esidlulileyo, iAsia yindawo ephambili kushishino lwehlabathi lokugquma iinqanawa. Eli candelo liyinxalenye enkulu yemarike, lineendawo ezinamandla zokwakha iinqanawa ezisele zikho kunye neqela labachasi abatsha.
Ummandla waseMpuma Ekude – kuquka iTshayina, uMzantsi Korea, iJapan kunye neSingapore – yindawo enamandla kwishishini leengubo zaselwandle. La mazwe anemizi-mveliso yokwakha iinqanawa eqinileyo kunye norhwebo olukhulu lwaselwandle, nto leyo ebangela imfuno enkulu yeengubo zaselwandle. Imfuno yeengubo zaselwandle kula mazwe kulindeleke ukuba ibhalise izinga lokukhula elizinzileyo kwixesha elifutshane neliphakathi.
Kwiinyanga ezilishumi elinambini ezidlulileyo (Julayi 2023-Juni 2024), ukuthengiswa kweengubo zeenqanawa ezintsha kunyuke kakhulu, ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno evela eTshayina naseMzantsi Korea. Ukuthengiswa kweengubo zokulungisa iinqanawa kukhule kakhulu, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yeemfuno ezandileyo zeenqanawa zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwe-CO2, ukuthobela imithetho yepetroli yaselwandle.
Ulawulo lwe-Asia ekwakheni iinqanawa nakwizinto zokwambathisa zaselwandle luthathe amashumi eminyaka ukuze lufezekiswe. IJapan yaba ngumkhosi wokwakha iinqanawa kwihlabathi liphela ngeminyaka yoo-1960, uMzantsi Korea ngeminyaka yoo-1980 kunye neTshayina ngeminyaka yoo-1990.
Ngoku iiyadi ukusuka eJapan, eMzantsi Korea naseTshayina zezona nkampani zibalaseleyo kwicandelo ngalinye leemarike ezine eziphambili: iinqanawa zokuthutha imithwalo, iinqanawa zokuthwala imithwalo emikhulu, iinqanawa zeekhonteyina kunye neenqanawa zaselwandle ezifana namaqonga okuvelisa nokugcina imithwalo kunye neenqanawa zokuhlaziya igesi ze-LNG.
Ngokwesiko, iJapan kunye neSouth Korea bezibonelela ngetekhnoloji ephezulu kunye nokuthembeka xa kuthelekiswa neTshayina. Nangona kunjalo, emva kotyalo-mali olukhulu kwishishini layo lokwakha iinqanawa, iTshayina ngoku ivelisa iinqanawa ezingcono kwiindawo ezinzima ngakumbi ezifana neenqanawa ezinkulu kakhulu zeekhonteyina ezineeyunithi ezilinganayo ze-12,000-14,000 zeemitha ezingama-20 (TEU).
Abavelisi Abaphambili Bokugquma Iingubo Zaselwandle
Imakethi yokugquma iinqanawa idibene kakhulu, kunye nabadlali abaphambili abafana neChugoku Marine Paints, Jotun, AkzoNobel, PPG, Hempel, KCC, Kansai, Nippon Paint, kunye neSherwin-Williams ababala ngaphezulu kwe-90% yesabelo semarike iyonke.
Ngexabiso lilonke leentengiso ze-11,853 yezigidi ze-NOK ($1.13 yezigidigidi) ngo-2023 ezivela kwishishini layo laselwandle, iJotun iphakathi kweyona mveliso inkulu yehlabathi yeengubo zaselwandle. Phantse i-48% yeengubo zaselwandle zenkampani zithengisiwe kumazwe amathathu amakhulu e-Asia - iJapan, iSouth Korea kunye neTshayina - ngo-2023.
Ngentengiso yehlabathi ye-€1,482 yezigidi zeerandi ezivela kwishishini layo lokugquma iilwandle ngo-2023, i-AkzoNobel ngomnye wabavelisi abakhulu kunye nababoneleli bezogquma iilwandle.
Abaphathi be-AkzoNobel baphawule kwingxelo yabo yonyaka ka-2023, “Ukubuyela umva kweshishini lethu leengubo zaselwandle kukwaphawulekile ngenxa yesiphakamiso esinamandla sophawu, ubuchule bobuchwephesha kunye nokugxila ekuzinzeni. Okwangoku, siphinde saseka ubukho bethu kwimarike yolwandle entsha eAsia, sigxile kwiinqanawa zobugcisa, apho iinkqubo zethu ze-Intersleek ezisebenza kakuhle zibonelela ngokwahluka kokwenyani. I-Intersleek sisisombululo sokukhupha inkunkuma esingenazo ii-biocides esibonelela ngokonga ipetroli kunye nokukhutshwa komoya kubanini kunye nabaqhubi kwaye sinceda ukuxhasa amabhongo okususa iicarbonization kushishino.”
I-Chugkou Paints ibike intengiso iyonke ye-yen eyi-101,323 yezigidi ($710 yezigidi) evela kwiimveliso zayo zokugquma zaselwandle.
Amazwe Amatsha Aqhuba Iimfuno
Okwangoku, imakethi yokugquma iinqanawa zaseAsia, elawulwa yiJapan, uMzantsi Korea, neTshayina, ibisoloko ifuna kakhulu amazwe aseMzantsi-mpuma Asia kunye neIndiya. Amanye ala mazwe kulindeleke ukuba avele njengeziko elikhulu lokwakha nokulungisa iinqanawa kwixesha eliphakathi nelide.
IVietnam, iMalaysia, iiPhilippines, iIndonesia, kunye neIndiya ngokukodwa kulindeleke ukuba zidlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuleni koshishino lokugquma iilwandle kwiminyaka ezayo.
Umzekelo, ishishini laseVietnam lolwandle libhengezwe njengecandelo eliphambili ngurhulumente waseVietnam kwaye likwindlela yokuba lelinye lawona maziko amakhulu okwakha iinqanawa nokulungisa iinqanawa eAsia. Imfuno yeengubo zaselwandle kuzo zombini iinqanawa zokuthutha iinqanawa zasekhaya nezangaphandle ezikwiindawo zokomisa eVietnam kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kakhulu kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo.
“Siye sandisa indawo yethu eVietnam ukuze siquke izinto zokugquma zaselwandle,” utshilo u-Ee Soon Hean, umlawuli jikelele, iNippon Paint Vietnam, eyaseka isiseko sokuvelisa eVietnam ngo-2023. “Ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwicandelo lezolwandle kubangela ukwandiswa kwazo zonke iindawo ezinkulu zokwakha iinqanawa kunye neendawo zokulungisa kweli lizwe. Kukho iiyadi ezinkulu ezintandathu emantla, ezifanayo emazantsi kunye nezimbini embindini weVietnam. Uphando lwethu lubonisa ukuba kukho iinqanawa ezimalunga nama-4,000 eziya kufuna izinto zokugquma, kuquka izinto ezintsha kunye neetoni ezikhoyo.”
Izinto Ezilawulayo Nezokusingqongileyo Zokunyusa Imfuno Yokugquma Ulwandle
Kulindeleke ukuba izinto ezilawulayo nezingqongileyo ziqhubele phambili imfuno kunye nokuphuculwa kweshishini lokugquma iilwandle kwiminyaka ezayo.
Ngokutsho kwe-International Maritime Organisation (IMO), ishishini lokuthuthwa kwezithuthi zaselwandle okwangoku linoxanduva lwe-3% yokukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kwihlabathi liphela. Ukuze kuliwe noku, eli shishini ngoku linyanzelwa ngoorhulumente, abalawuli bamazwe ngamazwe, kunye noluntu ngokubanzi ukuba licoce umthetho walo.
I-IMO iqalise umthetho othintela kwaye unciphise ukukhutshwa kwegesi emoyeni naselwandle. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2023, zonke iinqanawa ezingaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-5,000 zilinganiswa ngokwe-IMO's Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII), esebenzisa iindlela ezimiselweyo zokubala ukukhutshwa kwegesi kwiinqanawa.
Iingubo zeHull ziye zavela njengendawo ephambili ekugxilwe kuyo ziinkampani zokuhambisa imithwalo kunye nabavelisi beenqanawa ekunciphiseni iindleko zepetroli kunye nokukhutshwa kwegesi. I-hull ecocekileyo inciphisa ukumelana, isusa ukulahleka kwesantya kwaye ngaloo ndlela igcina ipetroli kwaye inciphise ukukhutshwa kwegesi. Iindleko zepetroli zihlala ziphakathi kwama-50 nama-60% eendleko zokusebenza. Iprojekthi yeGloFouling ye-IMO ibike ngo-2022 ukuba abanini banokonga imali efikelela kwi-USD 6.5 yezigidi ngenqanawa nganye kwiindleko zepetroli kwixesha leminyaka emihlanu ngokusebenzisa ukucoca i-hull kunye ne-propeller kwangaphambili.
Ixesha leposi: Novemba-13-2024
