UShishino lwaseMzantsi Afrika lwezoKugquma, uTshintsho lweMozulu kunye noNgcoliseko lwePlastiki

Irhasi yeGreenhouse gas (GHG) ebangelwe kukusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili ephezulu kunye nolawulo olulambathayo lwenkunkuma yimingeni emibini ephambili ejongene neshishini lezogquma e-Afrika, kungoko kungxamisekile ukuqulunqa izisombululo ezizinzileyo ezingakhuseli uzinzo lweshishini kuphela kodwa ziqinisekise abavelisi kunye nabadlali ecaleni. ikhonkco lexabiso lenkcitho encinci yeshishini kunye nemivuzo ephezulu.

Iingcali ngoku zifuna ugxininiso olwandisiweyo kusetyenziso lwamandla kunye nezenzo zokusetyenziswa kwangaphambili xa kuziwa ekupakisheni ukunciphisa inkunkuma elahlayo ukuba ummandla unegalelo ngokufanelekileyo kwi-net zero ngo-2050 kunye nokwandisa ukujikeleza kwekhonkco lexabiso loshishino lokugquma.

Mzantsi Afrika
EMzantsi Afrika, ukuthembela ngamandla kwimithombo yamandla eqhutywa ngefosili kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso yokugquma umbane kunye nokungabikho kweenkqubo ezilawulwa kakuhle nezinyanzeliswayo zokulahlwa kwenkunkuma kuye kwanyanzela ezinye zeenkampani zeli lizwe zokugquma impahla ukuba zikhethe utyalo-mali kubonelelo lwamandla acocekileyo kunye nezisombululo zokupakisha. enokuthi iphinde isetyenziswe kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona ngabavelisi kunye nabathengi babo.

Umzekelo, iPolioak Packaging yaseKapa, ​​inkampani egxile ekuyilweni nasekuveliseni iiplastiki ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo ezilungele ukupakisha ukutya, iziselo kunye nemizi-mveliso, ithi ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nongcoliseko lweplastiki, eziye zayanyaniswa ngokuyinxenye kwicandelo lemveliso kuquka ne Ishishini lecoatings, zimbini “zeengxaki ezingendawo” zehlabathi kodwa apho kukho izisombululo ezifumanekayo kubadlali bentengiso yeengubo ezintsha.

UCohn Gibb, umphathi wentengiso wale nkampani, uthe eRhawutini ngoJuni ka-2024 icandelo lezamandla libalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-75% yokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngamandla ehlabathi asuka kumafutha efosili. EMzantsi Afrika, amafutha efosili afikelela kuma-91% wamandla ewonke elizwe xa kuthelekiswa nama-80% kwihlabathi jikelele ngamalahle alawula unikezelo lombane lwesizwe.

“UMzantsi Afrika ukwindawo ye-13 enkulu ngokukhupha irhasi yegreenhouse kwihlabathi jikelele enecandelo lamandla asebenzisa ikhabhoni kakhulu kumazwe e-G20,” utshilo.

U-Eskom, umbane osebenza eMzantsi Afrika, “ngoyena mvelisi uphezulu kwihlabathi jikelele we-GHG njengoko ukhupha i-sulphur dioxide eninzi kune-US ne-China zidityanisiwe,” uqaphela uGibb.

Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwesulfure dioxide kuneempembelelo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso yaseMzantsi Afrika kunye neenkqubo ezibangela imfuneko yokukhethwa kwamandla acocekileyo.
Umnqweno wokuxhasa iinzame zehlabathi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwefosili eqhutywa ngamafutha kunye nokucutha iindleko zakho zokusebenza, kunye nokunciphisa ukucinywa kombane okuzingisileyo okunyanzelwa ziindleko zikaEskom, kuqhubele iPolyoak kumandla ahlaziyekayo angenza inkampani ivelise phantse i-5.4 yezigidi zeekwh ngonyaka ngonyaka. .

Amandla acocekileyo avelisiweyo "aya kugcina iitoni ze-5,610 ze-CO2 ezikhutshwa minyaka yonke eziza kufuna imithi ye-231,000 ngonyaka ukuba ifunxe," kusho uGibb.

Nangona utyalo-mali olutsha lwamandla ahlaziyekayo lunganelanga ekuxhaseni imisebenzi yePolyoak, inkampani okwangoku ityale imali kwiijenereyitha zokuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo ngexesha lokukhutshelwa kwemveliso ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwenye indawo, uGibb uthi uMzantsi Afrika lelinye lamazwe aneendlela zokulawula inkunkuma ezimbi kakhulu kwihlabathi kwaye kuya kuthatha izisombululo zokupakisha ezintsha ezenziwe ngabavelisi bezogquma ukuze kuncitshiswe inkunkuma engenakuphinda isetyenziswe nengaphinde isetyenziswe kwilizwe apho ukuya kutsho kuma-35%. yemizi ayinalo uhlobo lokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma. Isabelo esikhulu senkunkuma eveliswayo ilahlwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye ilahlwe kwiireyiva ezihlala zikhulisa amatyotyombe, ngokutsho kukaGibb.

Ukupakishwa okuphinda kusetyenziswe
Owona mngeni mkhulu wolawulo lwenkunkuma uvela kwiiplastiki kunye neefemu zokupakisha zokugquma kunye nababoneleli banethuba lokunciphisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo ngokupakisha okuhlala ixesha elide okunokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona xa kukho imfuneko yoko.

Ngo-2023, iSebe lezamaHlathi nezokuLoba eMzantsi Afrika kunye nokusiNgqongileyo liphuhlise isikhokelo sokupakisha selizwe esiquka iindidi ezine zemijelo yemathiriyeli yokupakisha yesinyithi, iglasi, iphepha kunye neeplastiki.

Isikhokelo, isebe lathi, kukunceda "ukunciphisa umthamo wokupakisha ophela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ngokuphucula uyilo lwemveliso, ukwandisa umgangatho weendlela zokuvelisa kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthintela inkunkuma."

“Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zesi sikhokelo sokupakishwa kukunceda abaqulunqi bazo zonke iintlobo zokupakisha baqonde ngcono iimpembelelo zemekobume kwizigqibo zabo zoyilo, ngaloo ndlela bekhuthaza iindlela ezilungileyo zokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokuthintela ukhetho,” utshilo owayesakuba nguMphathiswa weDFFE uCreecy Barbara, owathi. iye yasiwa kwisebe lezothutho.

EPolyoak, uGibb uthi, abaphathi benkampani bebeqhubela phambili nokupakisha iphepha eligxile “ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kweebhokisi ukugcina imithi.” Iibhokisi zePolyoak zenziwe ngebhodi yeebhokisi zebakala lokutya ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko.

“Ngomndilili kuthatha imithi eli-17 ukuvelisa itoni enye yebhodi yekhabhoni,” utsho uGibb.
“Inkqubo yethu yokubuyisela iibhokisi yenza lula ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwebhokisi nganye kangangezihlandlo ezihlanu,” wongezelela, ecaphula inyathelo elibalulekileyo lika-2021 lokuthenga iitoni ezili-1600 zeebhokisi ezintsha, kuphinda kusetyenziswe imithi engama-6,400.”

UGibb uqikelela ukuba kwisithuba esingaphezu konyaka, ukusebenzisa kwakhona iibhokisi konga imithi eyi-108,800, elingana nesigidi semithi kwiminyaka eli-10.

I-DFFE iqikelela ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-12 yezigidi zeetoni zephepha kunye nephepha lokupakishwa zifunyenwe ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe elizweni kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo urhulumente esithi ngaphezulu kwe-71% yephepha elifumanekayo kunye nokupakishwa kwaqokelelwa ngo-2018, efikelela kwi-1,285 yezigidi zeetoni.

Kodwa owona mceli mngeni mkhulu ojongene nawo uMzantsi Afrika, njengoko kunjalo kumazwe amaninzi ase-Afrika, kukwanda kokulahlwa kweplastiki ngokungekho mthethweni, ingakumbi iipeliti zeplastiki okanye iinurdles.

"Ishishini leplastiki kufuneka lithintele ukuchithwa kweepelisi zeplastiki, ii-flakes okanye i-powders kwindawo engqongileyo ukusuka kwizixhobo zokuvelisa kunye nokusabalalisa," kusho uGibb.

Kungoku nje, iPolyoak iqhuba iphulo elibizwa ngokuba 'bambisa loo pellet drive' elijolise ekuthinteleni iipeliti zeplastiki phambi kokuba zingene kwimisele yamanzi emvula eMzantsi Afrika.

Ngelishwa, iiplasitiki zeplastiki ziphosakele njengokutya okunencasa kwiintlanzi ezininzi nakwiintaka emva kokutyibilika kwimijelo yamanzi esiphango apho zingena kwimilambo yethu ehamba ezantsi ukuya elwandle kwaye ekugqibeleni ihlambele kumanxweme ethu.

Iipeliti zeplastiki zivela kwi-microplastics ethathwe kuthuli lwamatayara kunye ne-microfiber ukusuka ekuhlanjweni kunye nokugutyula ukomiswa kwenayiloni kunye nempahla yepolyester.

Ubuncinci i-87% yee-microplastics zithengisiwe iimpawu zendlela (7%), ii-microfibers (35%), uthuli lwesixeko (24%), amatayara (28%) kunye ne-nurdles (0.3%).

Le meko isenokuqhubeka njengoko i-DFFE isithi uMzantsi Afrika “awunazo iinkqubo ezinkulu zolawulo lwenkunkuma yasemva kwabathengi zokwahlula kunye nokusetyenzwa kwepakethe ebolekayo nevundisiweyo.

“Ngenxa yoko, ezi mathiriyeli azinaxabiso langaphakathi kubaqokeleli benkunkuma abasesikweni okanye abangekho sikweni, ngoko ke iimveliso zinokuhlala kwindawo yokusingqongileyo okanye okona kulungileyo, ziphelele ekujuleni inkunkuma,” yatsho i-DFFE.

Oku kwenzeka nangona kukho ubukho boMthetho woKhuseleko loMthengi amaCandelo 29 kunye nama-41 kunye noMthetho weMigangatho ka-2008 iCandelo 27(1) & {2) elithintela amabango angeyonyani, alahlekisayo okanye akhohlisayo malunga nezithako zemveliso okanye iimpawu zokusebenza kunye namashishini ukuba afake ibango lobuxoki okanye asebenze indlela “enokuthi idale uluvo lokuba iimveliso zithobela uMgangatho weSizwe waseMzantsi Afrika okanye olunye upapasho lwe-SABS.”

Ngexesha elifutshane ukuya kweliphakathi, i-DFFE ibongoza iinkampani ukuba zinciphise ifuthe leemveliso kunye neenkonzo ngokusingqongileyo kubo bonke ubomi babo “njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuzinza kuyeyona mingeni inkulu kuluntu namhlanje, kubaluleke kakhulu.”