Iingcali ngoku zifuna ukuba kugxilwe kakhulu ekusebenziseni amandla kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa amandla ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe xa kufikwa ekupakisheni ukuze kuncitshiswe inkunkuma elahlwayo.
Igesi eluhlaza (i-GHG) ebangelwa yipetroli eninzi kunye neendlela zokulawula inkunkuma ezingekho mgangathweni zezona zimbini zezona ngxaki ziphambili ezijongene nomzi-mveliso wezinto zokugquma eAfrika, kwaye yiyo loo nto kungxamisekile ukuphuhlisa izisombululo ezizinzileyo ezingagcini nje ngokukhusela uzinzo lomzi-mveliso kodwa ziqinisekisa abavelisi kunye nabadlali abakwicandelo lexabiso lenkcitho encinci yeshishini kunye nengeniso ephezulu.
Iingcali ngoku zifuna ukuba kugxilwe kakhulu ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla kunye neendlela zokusebenzisa amandla ngaphambi kokuba kusetyenziswe xa kufikwa ekupakisheni ukuze kuncitshiswe inkunkuma elahlwayo ukuba lo mmandla uza kuba negalelo ngempumelelo kwi-zero ngo-2050 kwaye wandise ukujikeleza kwekhonkco lexabiso leshishini lokugquma.
Mzantsi Afrika
EMzantsi Afrika, ukuthembela kakhulu kwimithombo yamandla eqhutywa zizinto zakudala kwimisebenzi yezityalo zokugquma umbane kunye nokungabikho kweenkqubo zokulahla inkunkuma ezilawulwa kakuhle nezinyanzeliswayo kuye kwanyanzela ezinye zeenkampani zokugquma umbane zeli lizwe ukuba zikhethe utyalo-mali kwizisombululo zokubonelela ngamandla acocekileyo kunye nokupakisha ezinokusetyenziswa kwakhona kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe ngabavelisi kunye nabathengi babo.
Umzekelo, iPolyoak Packaging eseKapa, inkampani egxile kuyilo kunye nokuveliswa kweepakethe zeplastiki eziqinileyo ezinoxanduva lokusingqongileyo zokutya, iziselo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso, ithi utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nongcoliseko lweplastiki, olubangelwa ngokuyinxenye licandelo lemveliso kuquka ishishini leepakethe, zimbini zezona "ngxaki zimbi" zehlabathi kodwa ezifumanekayo kubadlali bemarike yeepakethe ezintsha.
UCohn Gibb, umphathi wentengiso wale nkampani, uthe eGoli ngoJuni 2024 icandelo lamandla libangela ngaphezulu kwe-75% yegesi ezikhutshwayo ezingcolisa umoya ngamandla ehlabathi avela kumafutha efosili. EMzantsi Afrika, amafutha efosili afikelela kwi-91% yamandla ewonke elizwe xa kuthelekiswa ne-80% kwihlabathi liphela apho amalahle elawula umbane wesizwe.
“UMzantsi Afrika ngoweshumi elinesithathu kwihlabathi liphela apho kukho igesi ezikhupha umoya ongcolileyo, kwaye ucandelo lamandla asebenzisa kakhulu ikhabhoni kumazwe e-G20,” utshilo.
UGibb uthi i-Eskom, umbane waseMzantsi Afrika, “ngumvelisi ophambili we-GHG kwihlabathi liphela njengoko ikhupha i-sulphur dioxide engaphezulu kune-US ne-China zidibene.”
Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwe-sulphur dioxide kunefuthe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa yaseMzantsi Afrika kunye neenkqubo zayo, nto leyo ebangela imfuneko yokusetyenziswa kwamandla acocekileyo.
Umnqweno wokuxhasa imizamo yehlabathi yokunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya okhutshwa yi-fossil fuel kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza, kunye nokunciphisa ukuncitshiswa kombane okuqhubekayo okubangelwa ziindleko ze-Eskom, kuqhube iPolyoak kumandla avuselelekayo aza kubona inkampani ivelisa phantse i-5.4 yezigidi kwh ngonyaka.
Amandla acocekileyo avelisiweyo “angasindisa iitoni ezingama-5,610 zokukhutshwa kwe-CO2 minyaka le, nto leyo eya kufuna imithi engama-231,000 ngonyaka ukuze ifunxwe,” utshilo uGibb.
Nangona utyalo-mali olutsha lwamandla avuselelekayo lunganelanga ukuxhasa imisebenzi yePolyoak, inkampani okwangoku ityale imali kwiijenereyitha ukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kombane okungaphazamisekiyo ngexesha lokucima kombane ukuze imveliso isebenze kakuhle.
Kwenye indawo, uGibb uthi uMzantsi Afrika lelinye lamazwe aneendlela ezimbi kakhulu zokulawula inkunkuma emhlabeni kwaye kuya kufuneka izisombululo ezintsha zokupakisha ezenziwe ngabavelisi beengubo ukuze kuncitshiswe inani lenkunkuma engasetyenziswa kwakhona nengasetyenziswa kwakhona kwilizwe apho ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35% yeentsapho zingenalo uhlobo lokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma. Inxalenye enkulu yenkunkuma eveliswayo ilahlwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye ilahlwe kwiindawo zokuhlala ezingacwangciswanga, ngokutsho kukaGibb.
Ukupakishwa okungasetyenziswa kwakhona
Eyona ngxaki inkulu yolawulo lwenkunkuma ivela kwiinkampani zokupakisha zeplastiki kunye neengubo kunye nabathengisi banethuba lokunciphisa umthwalo kwindalo ngokupakisha okuhlala ixesha elide okunokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona ngokulula ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Ngowama-2023, iSebe lezeHlathi kunye nezokuLoba laseMzantsi Afrika laphuhlisa isikhokelo sokupakisha selizwe esigubungela iindidi ezine zemithombo yezinto zokupakisha ezifana neentsimbi, iglasi, iphepha kunye neplastiki.
Isebe lithe esi sikhokelo kukunceda “ukunciphisa umthamo wokupakisha okuphela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ngokuphucula uyilo lwemveliso, ukonyusa umgangatho weendlela zokuvelisa kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthintela inkunkuma.”
“Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zale sikhokelo sokupakisha kukunceda abayili kuzo zonke iintlobo zokupakisha ngokuqonda ngcono impembelelo yezigqibo zabo zoyilo kwindalo, ngaloo ndlela bekhuthaza iindlela ezilungileyo zokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokuthintela ukhetho,” utshilo owayesakuba ngumphathiswa we-DFFE uCreecy Barbara, oye wafuduselwa kwisebe lezothutho.
UGibb uthi ePolyoak, abaphathi benkampani bebeqhubeka nokupakisha amaphepha abo agxile “ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kweebhokisi ukuze kusindiswe imithi.” Iibhokisi zePolyoak zenziwe ngebhodi yeebhokisi zokutya ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko.
“Ngokwesiqhelo kuthatha imithi eli-17 ukuvelisa itoni enye yebhodi yekhabhoni,” utshilo uGibb.
“Inkqubo yethu yokubuyisela iibhokisi yenza kube lula ukuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhokisi nganye ngokumalunga nezihlandlo ezihlanu,” wongeza, ecaphula isiganeko sonyaka ka-2021 sokuthenga iitoni ezili-1600 zeebhokisi ezintsha, sizisebenzisa kwakhona ngaloo ndlela sisindisa imithi engama-6,400.”
UGibb uqikelela ukuba kwiminyaka engaphezu konyaka, ukusebenzisa kwakhona iibhokisi kusindisa imithi eyi-108,800, elingana nesigidi semithi kwiminyaka eli-10.
I-DFFE iqikelela ukuba ngaphezulu kweetoni ezili-12 lezigidi zephepha kunye nephepha ezifunyenweyo ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe kweli lizwe kwiminyaka eli-10 idlulileyo, urhulumente esithi ngaphezulu kwe-71% yephepha kunye nephepha elinokufunyanwa liqokelelwe ngo-2018, elifikelela kwi-1,285 lezigidi zeetoni.
Kodwa owona mceli mngeni mkhulu ujongene noMzantsi Afrika, njengakwamanye amazwe amaninzi aseAfrika, kukwanda kokulahlwa kweplastiki okungalawulwayo, ingakumbi iipellets zeplastiki okanye iinurdles.
“Ishishini leplastiki kufuneka lithintele ukuchitheka kwee-pellets zeplastiki, ii-flakes okanye ii-powders kwindalo esingqongileyo ezivela kwiindawo zokwenza nokusasaza,” utshilo uGibb.
Okwangoku, iPolyoak iqhuba iphulo elibizwa ngokuba yi-'catch that pellet drive' elijolise ekuthinteleni iipellets zeplastiki ngaphambi kokuba zingene kwimisele yamanzi emvula eMzantsi Afrika.
“Ngelishwa, iiplastiki ezithambileyo zithathwa njengezidlo ezimnandi kwiintlanzi ezininzi nakwiintaka emva kokuba zityibilika kwimisele yamanzi apho zingena khona kwimilambo yethu zihamba zisiya elwandle zize ekugqibeleni zingene elunxwemeni lwethu.”
Iipellet zeplastiki zivela kwiiplastiki ezincinci ezithathwe kuthuli lwamatayara kunye ne-microfiber ekuhlanjweni nasekufakweni kwempahla ye-nylon kunye ne-polyester.
Ubuncinane i-87% yee-microplastics zitshintshiselwe kwiimpawu zendlela (7%), ii-microfibers (35%), uthuli lwesixeko (24%), amatayara (28%) kunye nee-nurdles (0.3%).
Le meko isenokuqhubeka njengoko i-DFFE isithi uMzantsi Afrika “awunazo iinkqubo ezinkulu zolawulo lwenkunkuma emva kokusetyenziswa kwenkunkuma yokwahlula nokucubungula ukupakisha okubolayo nokunokugquma.
“Ngenxa yoko, ezi zinto azinaxabiso langaphakathi kubaqokeleli benkunkuma abasemthethweni okanye abangekho sesikweni, ngoko ke iimveliso zinokuhlala kwindawo ezikuyo okanye ngcono, ziphele zikwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma,” utshilo uDFFE.
Oku kwenzeka nangona kukho uMthetho woKhuseleko lwaBathengi, iCandelo 29 kunye nelama-41 kunye noMthetho weMigangatho ka-2008, iCandelo 27(1) kunye {2) elithintela amabango angamanga, alahlekisayo okanye akhohlisayo malunga nezithako zemveliso okanye iimpawu zokusebenza kunye namashishini ekubeni afake ibango okanye asebenze ngendlela enokudala umbono wokuba iimveliso ziyahambelana neMigangatho yeSizwe yaseMzantsi Afrika okanye ezinye iimpapasho ze-SABS.
Kwixesha elifutshane ukuya kweliphakathi, i-DFFE ibongoza iinkampani ukuba zinciphise impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yeemveliso kunye neenkonzo kulo lonke ixesha lobomi bazo “njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuzinza kwezoqoqosho ziyimingeni emikhulu yoluntu namhlanje, kubaluleke kakhulu kuyo.”
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-22-2024
