UShishino lwaseMzantsi Afrika lwezoKugquma, uTshintsho lweMozulu kunye noNgcoliseko lwePlastiki

Irhasi yeGreenhouse gas (GHG) ebangelwa ngamafutha aphezulu efosili kunye nezenzo zolawulo lwenkunkuma olulambathayo mibini yemingeni ephambili ejongene neshishini lezogquma le-Afrika, kwaye kungoko kungxamisekile ukuyila izisombululo ezizinzileyo ezingakhuseli kuphela uzinzo loshishino kodwa ziqinisekise abavelisi kunye nabadlali kunye nekhonkco lexabiso lenkcitho encinci yoshishino kunye nemivuzo ephezulu.

Iingcali ngoku zifuna ugxininiso olwandisiweyo kusetyenziso lwamandla kunye nezenzo zokusetyenziswa kwangaphambili xa kuziwa ekupakisheni ukunciphisa inkunkuma elahlayo ukuba ummandla unegalelo ngokufanelekileyo kwi-net zero ngo-2050 kunye nokwandisa ukujikeleza kwekhonkco lexabiso loshishino lokugquma.

Mzantsi Afrika
EMzantsi Afrika, ukuthembela ngamandla kwimithombo yombane eqhutywa ngefosili kwimisebenzi yemizi-mveliso yokugquma umbane kunye nokungabikho kweenkqubo ezilawulwa kakuhle nezinyanzeliswayo zokulahlwa kwenkunkuma kuye kwanyanzela ezinye zeenkampani zeli lizwe zokwandlala ukuba zikhethe utyalo-mali kubonelelo lwamandla acocekileyo kunye nezisombululo zokupakishwa ezinokuthi ziphinde zisetyenziswe kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe ngabavelisi bazo zombini kunye nabenzi bazo.

Umzekelo, iPolioak Packaging yaseKapa, ​​inkampani egxile ekuyilweni nasekuveliseni ukupakishwa kweplastiki ejongene nokusingqongileyo kukutya, isiselo kunye nezicelo zemizi-mveliso, ithi utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nongcoliseko lweplastiki, olubalelwa kwicandelo lezemveliso kubandakanywa neshishini lokugquma, zimbini "iingxaki ezimbi" zehlabathi kodwa izisombululo ezifumanekayo kwiimarike.

UCohn Gibb, umphathi wentengiso wale nkampani, uthe eRhawutini ngoJuni ka-2024 icandelo lezamandla libalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-75% yokukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse ngamandla ehlabathi asuka kumafutha efosili. EMzantsi Afrika, amafutha efosili afikelela kuma-91% wamandla ewonke elizwe xa kuthelekiswa nama-80% kwihlabathi jikelele ngamalahle alawula unikezelo lombane lwesizwe.

“UMzantsi Afrika ukwindawo ye-13 enkulu ngokukhupha irhasi yegreenhouse kwihlabathi jikelele enecandelo lamandla asebenzisa ikhabhoni kakhulu kumazwe e-G20,” utshilo.

U-Eskom, umbane osebenza eMzantsi Afrika, “ngoyena mvelisi uphezulu kwihlabathi jikelele we-GHG njengoko ukhupha i-sulphur dioxide eninzi kune-US ne-China zidityanisiwe,” uqaphela uGibb.

Ukukhutshwa okuphezulu kwesulfure dioxide kuneempembelelo kwinkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso yaseMzantsi Afrika kunye neenkqubo ezibangela imfuneko yokukhethwa kwamandla acocekileyo.
Umnqweno wokuxhasa iinzame zehlabathi zokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwefosili eqhutywa ngamafutha kunye nokucutha iindleko zakho zokusebenza, kunye nokunciphisa ukucinywa kombane okuzingileyo okunyanzeliswa ziindleko zika-Eskom, kuqhubele iPolyoak kumandla ahlaziyekayo angenza inkampani ivelise phantse i-5.4 yezigidi zeekwh ngonyaka.

Amandla acocekileyo avelisiweyo "aya kugcina iitoni ze-5,610 ze-CO2 ezikhutshwa minyaka yonke eziza kufuna imithi ye-231,000 ngonyaka ukuba ifunxe," kusho uGibb.

Nangona utyalo-mali olutsha lwamandla ahlaziyekayo lunganelanga ekuxhaseni imisebenzi yePolyoak, inkampani okwangoku ityale imali kwiijenereyitha zokuqinisekisa unikezelo lwamandla olungaphazamisekiyo ngexesha lokukhutshelwa kwemveliso ngokufanelekileyo.

Kwenye indawo, uGibb uthi uMzantsi Afrika lelinye lawona mazwe aneendlela zokulawula inkunkuma ezimbi kakhulu kwihlabathi kwaye kuya kuthatha izisombululo zokupakisha ezintsha ezenziwe ngabavelisi bezogquma ukuze kuncitshiswe inkunkuma engenakuphinda isetyenziswe nengaphinde isetyenziswe kwilizwe apho ukuya kutsho kuma-35% amakhaya angenandlela yokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma. Isabelo esikhulu senkunkuma eveliswayo ilahlwa ngokungekho mthethweni kwaye ilahlwe kwiireyiva ezihlala zikhulisa amatyotyombe, ngokutsho kukaGibb.

Ukupakishwa okuphinda kusetyenziswe
Owona mngeni mkhulu wolawulo lwenkunkuma uvela kwiiplastiki kunye neefemu zokupakisha zokugquma kunye nababoneleli banethuba lokunciphisa umthwalo wokusingqongileyo ngokupakisha okuhlala ixesha elide okunokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona xa kukho imfuneko yoko.

Ngo-2023, iSebe lezamaHlathi nezokuLoba eMzantsi Afrika kunye nokusiNgqongileyo liphuhlise isikhokelo sokupakisha selizwe esiquka iindidi ezine zemijelo yemathiriyeli yokupakisha yesinyithi, iglasi, iphepha kunye neeplastiki.

Isikhokelo, isebe lathi, kukunceda "ukunciphisa umthamo wokupakisha ophela kwiindawo zokulahla inkunkuma ngokuphucula uyilo lwemveliso, ukwandisa umgangatho weendlela zokuvelisa kunye nokukhuthaza ukuthintela inkunkuma."

"Enye yeenjongo eziphambili zesi sikhokelo sokupakisha kukuncedisa abayili kuzo zonke iindlela zokupakisha ngokuqonda ngcono iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo kwizigqibo zabo zoyilo, ngaloo ndlela kukhuthazwa iindlela ezilungileyo zokusingqongileyo ngaphandle kokuthintela ukhetho," watsho owayesakuba nguMphathiswa weDFFE uCreecy Barbara, oye wasiwa kwisebe lezothutho.

EPolyoak, uGibb uthi, abaphathi benkampani bebeqhubela phambili nokupakisha iphepha eligxile “ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kweebhokisi ukugcina imithi.” Iibhokisi zePolyoak zenziwe ngebhodi yeebhokisi zebakala lokutya ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko.

“Ngomndilili kuthatha imithi eli-17 ukuvelisa itoni enye yebhodi yekhabhoni,” utsho uGibb.
“Inkqubo yethu yokubuyisela iibhokisi yenza lula ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwebhokisi nganye kangangezihlandlo ezihlanu,” wongezelela, ecaphula inyathelo elibalulekileyo lika-2021 lokuthenga iitoni ezili-1600 zeebhokisi ezintsha, kuphinda kusetyenziswe imithi engama-6,400.”

UGibb uqikelela ukuba kwisithuba esingaphezu konyaka, ukusebenzisa kwakhona iibhokisi konga imithi eyi-108,800, elingana nesigidi semithi kwiminyaka eli-10.

I-DFFE iqikelela ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-12 yezigidi zeetoni zephepha kunye nephepha lokupakishwa zifunyenwe ukuze ziphinde zisetyenziswe elizweni kule minyaka ili-10 idlulileyo urhulumente esithi ngaphezulu kwe-71% yephepha elifumanekayo kunye nokupakishwa kwaqokelelwa ngo-2018, efikelela kwi-1,285 yezigidi zeetoni.

Kodwa owona mceli mngeni mkhulu ojongene nawo uMzantsi Afrika, njengoko kunjalo kumazwe amaninzi ase-Afrika, kukwanda kokulahlwa kweplastiki ngokungekho mthethweni, ingakumbi iipeliti zeplastiki okanye iinurdles.

"Ishishini leplastiki kufuneka lithintele ukuchithwa kweepelisi zeplastiki, ii-flakes okanye i-powders kwindawo engqongileyo ukusuka kwizixhobo zokuvelisa kunye nokusabalalisa," kusho uGibb.

Kungoku nje, iPolyoak iqhuba iphulo elibizwa ngokuba 'bambisa loo pellet drive' elijolise ekuthinteleni iipeliti zeplastiki phambi kokuba zingene kwimisele yamanzi emvula eMzantsi Afrika.

Ngelishwa, iiplasitiki zeplastiki ziphosakele njengokutya okunencasa kwiintlanzi ezininzi nakwiintaka emva kokutyibilika kwimijelo yamanzi esiphango apho zingena kwimilambo yethu ehamba ezantsi ukuya elwandle kwaye ekugqibeleni ihlambele kumanxweme ethu.

Iipeliti zeplastiki zivela kwi-microplastics ethathwe kuthuli lwamatayara kunye ne-microfiber ukusuka ekuhlanjweni kunye nokugutyula ukomiswa kwenayiloni kunye nempahla yepolyester.

Ubuncinci i-87% yee-microplastics zithengisiwe iimpawu zendlela (7%), ii-microfibers (35%), uthuli lwesixeko (24%), amatayara (28%) kunye ne-nurdles (0.3%).

Le meko isenokuqhubeka njengoko i-DFFE isithi uMzantsi Afrika “awunazo iinkqubo ezinkulu zolawulo lwenkunkuma yasemva kwabathengi zokwahlula kunye nokusetyenzwa kwepakethe ebolekayo nevundisiweyo.

“Ngenxa yoko, ezi mathiriyeli azinaxabiso langaphakathi kubaqokeleli benkunkuma abasesikweni okanye abangekho sikweni, ngoko ke iimveliso zinokuhlala kwindawo yokusingqongileyo okanye okona kulungileyo, ziphelele ekujuleni inkunkuma,” yatsho i-DFFE.

Oku kwenzeka nangona ubukho boMthetho woKhuseleko loMthengi amaCandelo 29 kunye nama-41 kunye noMthetho weMigangatho ka-2008 amaCandelo 27(1) & {2) athintela amabango angeyonyani, alahlekisayo okanye anenkohliso malunga nezithako zemveliso okanye iimpawu zokusebenza kunye namashishini abangamanga okanye asebenza ngendlela enokuthi “idale uluvo lokuba iimveliso zithobelana neminye imiGangatho yeSizwe yaseMzantsi Afrika yaseMzantsi Afrika.”

Ngexesha elifutshane ukuya kweliphakathi, i-DFFE ibongoza iinkampani ukuba zinciphise ifuthe leemveliso kunye neenkonzo ngokusingqongileyo kubo bonke ubomi babo “njengoko utshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokuzinza kuyeyona mingeni inkulu kuluntu namhlanje, kubaluleke kakhulu.”