Iiprojekthi ezintsha kwishishini le-oyile kunye negesi yaseRussia, kubandakanywa neshelufu yeArctic, ithembisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwimarike yasekhaya yokwaleka okuchasene nokubola.
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 uze omkhulu, kodwa impembelelo yexesha elifutshane kwimakethi yeehydrocarbons zehlabathi. Ngo-Epreli ka-2020, imfuno yeoli yehlabathi ifike kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi ukusukela ngo-1995, irhuqa ezantsi ixabiso le-benchmark ye-Brent crude ukuya kwi-28 yeedola ngomphanda emva kokunyuka okukhawulezileyo kokunikezelwa kwe-oyile eseleyo.
Ngaxa lithile, ixabiso leoli lase-US lide lajika libi okokuqala kwimbali. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziganeko zimangalisayo zibonakala ngathi aziwuyeki umsebenzi we-oyile kunye negesi ye-Russian, kuba imfuno yehlabathi yee-hydrocarbons kuqikelelwa ukuba ibuyela umva ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokomzekelo, i-IEA ilindele ukuba imfuno ye-oyile ibuyele kumanqanaba e-pre-crisis ngokukhawuleza nje ngo-2022. Ukukhula kwemfuno yegesi - ngaphandle kokunciphisa irekhodi ngo-2020 - kufuneka kubuyele kwixesha elide, kwinqanaba elithile, ngenxa yokukhawulezisa ukutshintshela amalahle kwi-gas jikelele ekuveliseni umbane.
Izigebenga zaseRashiya iLukoil, iNovatek neRosneft, kunye nezinye izibuko ziceba ukusungula iiprojekthi ezintsha kwindawo yokutsalwa kweoyile nerhasi kumhlaba nakwishelufu yeArctic. Urhulumente waseRussia ubona ukuxhaphazwa koovimba bakhe beArctic nge-LNG njengeyona nto iphambili yeSicwangciso sakhe saMandla ukuya ku-2035.
Kule mvelaphi, imfuno yaseRashiya yokugquma okuchasayo nayo inoqikelelo oluqaqambileyo. Intengiso iyonke kweli candelo iphelele kwi-Rub18,5 yeebhiliyoni kwi-2018 (i-250 yezigidi zeedola), ngokutsho kophando olwenziwa yi-Moscow-based think tank Discovery Research Group. Iingubo ze-Rub7.1 yeebhiliyoni (i-90 yezigidi zeedola) zangeniswa eRashiya, nangona ukungenisa kweli candelo kudla ukuhla, ngokutsho kwabahlalutyi.
Enye i-arhente yokubonisana yaseMoscow, i-Concept-Center, iqikelela ukuba intengiso kwimarike yayiphakathi kwe-25,000 kunye ne-30,000 yeetoni ngokwasemzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-2016, i-marketment ye-anti-corrosive coatings application eRashiya yaqikelelwa kwi-Rub 2.6 yezigidigidi (i-42 yezigidi zeedola). Imarike kukholelwa ukuba ikhula ngokuthe chu kule minyaka idlulileyo ngesantya esiphakathi kweepesenti ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ngonyaka.
Abathathi-nxaxheba beMakethi bavakalisa ukuzithemba, imfuno yokugquma kweli candelo iya kuba phezulu kwiminyaka ezayo, nangona impembelelo yobhubhani we-COVID-19 ingekapheli okwangoku.
Ngokoqikelelo lwethu, imfuno iya kunyuka kancinci [kwiminyaka ezayo]. Umzi-mveliso we-oyile kunye negesi ufuna i-anti-corrosion, ukumelana nobushushu, ukunqanda umlilo kunye nezinye iintlobo zokugquma ukuze kuphunyezwe iiprojekthi ezintsha. Ngaxeshanye, imfuno itshintshela kwi-polyfunctional coatings. Umvelisi weengubo zaseRashiya uAkrus. “Phantsi koqikelelo olungenathemba, ulwakhiwo [kwimizi-mveliso yeoli negesi] lusenokungahambi ngokukhawuleza njengoko bekucetyiwe.
Urhulumente uthatha amanyathelo okuvuselela utyalo-mali kunye nokufikelela kwisantya esicwangcisiweyo sokwakha. "
Ukhuphiswano olungelulo ixabiso
Kukho ubuncinci abadlali abangama-30 kwimarike yeRussian anti-corrosive coatings, ngokutsho kwe-Industrial Coatings. Abadlali abaphambili bangaphandle yiHempel, Jotun, International Protective Coatings, Steelpaint, PPG Industries, Permatex, Teknos, phakathi kwabanye.
Abona baboneleli abakhulu baseRashiya yi-Akrus, i-VMP, i-Russian Paints, i-Empils, i-Moscow Chemical Plant, i-ZM Volga kunye ne-Raduga.
Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, ezinye iinkampani ezingezozaseRashiya, eziquka iJotun, iHempel kunye nePPG ziye zavelisa imveliso yezogquma ezichasene nokubola eRashiya. Kukho ingqiqo yezoqoqosho ecacileyo emva kwesigqibo esinjalo. Ixesha lokubuyisela ukuqaliswa kweengubo ezintsha ezichasene ne-corrosive kwimarike yaseRashiya phakathi kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu, kuqikelelwa ukuba u-Azamat Gareev, intloko ye-ZIT Rossilber.
Ngokutsho kwe-Industrial Coatings, eli candelo leemarike zokugqoka zaseRashiya zingachazwa njenge-oligopsony - ifom yemarike apho inani labathengi lincinci. Ngokwahlukileyo, inani labathengisi likhulu. Wonke umthengi waseRashiya uneseti yakhe yangaphakathi engqongqo yeemfuno, ababoneleli kufuneka bathobele. Umahluko phakathi kweemfuno zabathengi unokuba mkhulu.
Ngenxa yoko, le ngenye yamacandelo ambalwa oshishino lweengubo zaseRashiya, apho ixabiso alikho phakathi kwezinto eziphambili ezichaza imfuno.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Rosneft igunyaze iintlobo ze-224 ze-anti-corrosive coatings, ngokutsho kwerejista yaseRashiya yabathengisi be-oyile kunye ne-gas industry coatings. Ukuthelekisa, iGazprom ivume iingubo ezingama-55 kwaye iTransneft yayingama-34 kuphela.
Kwamanye amacandelo, isabelo sokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe siphezulu kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, iinkampani zaseRashiya zingenisa phantse iipesenti ezingama-80 zeerandi kwiiprojekthi ezingaselunxwemeni.
Ukhuphiswano kwiimarike zaseRashiya kwiingubo ezichasene ne-corrosive zinamandla kakhulu, utshilo uDmitry Smirnov, umlawuli jikelele weMoscow Chemical Plant. Oku kutyhala inkampani ukuba ihambisane nemfuno kwaye iqalise ukuveliswa kwemigca emitsha yokugquma rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa. Inkampani ikwaqhuba amaziko eenkonzo, elawula isicelo sokugquma, wongezelela.
"Iinkampani zokugqoka zaseRashiya zinezakhono ezaneleyo zokwandisa imveliso, eya kunciphisa ukungeniswa kwempahla. Ininzi yokugqoka kwiinkampani zeoli kunye negesi, kubandakanywa neeprojekthi ze-offshore, ziveliswa kwizityalo zaseRashiya. Le mihla, ukuphucula imeko yezoqoqosho, kuwo onke amazwe, kubalulekile ukwandisa imveliso yemveliso yemveliso yabo, "kusho uDubrobsky.
Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezibonakalayo zokuvelisa i-anti-corrosive coatings zidweliswe phakathi kwezinto ezithintela iinkampani zaseRashiya ekwandiseni isabelo sazo kwiimarike, ingxelo ye-Industrial Coatings, ichaza abahlalutyi beemarike zendawo. Ngokomzekelo, kukho ukunqongophala kwe-aliphatic isocyanates, i-epoxy resins, uthuli lwezinc kunye nezinye i-pigments.
"Ishishini lemichiza lixhomekeke kakhulu kwizinto ezithengiswayo ezivela kumazwe angaphandle kwaye zivakalelwa kumaxabiso abo. Ndiyabulela ekuphuhlisweni kweemveliso ezintsha eRashiya kunye nokutshintshwa kwempahla, kukho iindlela ezintle ngokubhekiselele kunikezelo lwezinto ezibonakalayo kwi-industry coatings, "kusho uDubrobsky.
"Kuyimfuneko ukunyusa amandla ngakumbi ukukhuphisana, umzekelo, kunye nabanikezeli base-Asia. Iifayili, ii-pigments, i-resin, ngokukodwa i-alkyd kunye ne-epoxy, ngoku zinokuyalelwa kubavelisi baseRashiya. Imarike ye-isocyanate hardeners kunye nezongezo ezisebenzayo inikezelwa ikakhulu ngokungenisa ngaphandle. Ukukwazi ukuphuhlisa imveliso yethu yala macandelo kufuneka kuxoxwe kwinqanaba likarhulumente. "
Iingubo zeeprojekthi ezikude nonxweme kwindawo ebonakalayo
Iprojekthi yokuqala yaseRashiya ekude nonxweme yaba yiPrirazlomnaya kude nonxweme iqonga elimisa ioli elimelana nomkhenkce kuLwandle lwePechora, emazantsi eNovaya Zemlya. I-Gazprom ikhethe i-Chartek 7 kwi-International Paint Ltd. Le nkampani kuthiwa ithenge i-350,000 kg ye-coatings yokukhusela i-anti-corrosion yeqonga.
Enye inkampani yeoli yaseRashiya uLukoil isebenze iqonga leKorchagin ukususela ngo-2010 kunye neqonga lePhilanovskoe ukususela ngo-2018, zombini eLwandle lweCaspian.
UJotun wanikezela ngeengubo ezichasene ne-corrosive kwiprojekthi yokuqala kunye neHempel yesibini. Kweli candelo, iimfuno zokwaleka zingqongqo ngokukodwa, ekubeni ukubuyiselwa kwegqwetha lezokwaleka ngaphantsi kwamanzi akunakwenzeka.
Imfuno yokugquma i-anti-corrosive segment ye-offshore ibotshelelwe kwikamva leshishini le-oyile kunye negesi yehlabathi. IRashiya inama-80 ekhulwini obutyebi beoyile nerhasi obubekwe phantsi kweshelufu yeArctic kunye nesixa esikhulu soovimba abahloliwe.
Ukuthelekisa, i-US ibamba kuphela ipesenti ze-10 zemithombo yeshelufu, ilandelwa yiCanada, iDenmark, iGreenland neNorway, eyahlula ipesenti ezili-10 eziseleyo phakathi kwazo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kuqikelelwa ukuba uvimba weoli osele ehloliwe waseRashiya wongeza ukuya kutsho kwiitoni zeebhiliyoni ezintlanu zeoli elinganayo. INorway ikwindawo yesibini enebhiliyoni zeetoni zogcino oluqinisekisiweyo.
"Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi - zombini ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo - ezo zixhobo zinokungafumaneki," utshilo uAnna Kireeva, umhlalutyi wombutho okhusela indalo iBellona. "Ngokoqikelelo oluninzi, imfuno ye-oyile yehlabathi inokunyuka ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emine ukusukela ngoku, ngo-2023. Iingxowa-mali ezinkulu zotyalo-mali zikarhulumente ezazakhelwe kwi-oyile nazo ziyalususa kutyalo-mali kwicandelo leoli - inyathelo elinokuthi likhuthaze ukutshintshwa kwenkunzi yehlabathi kude kumafutha efosili njengoko oorhulumente nabatyali-zimali bamaziko begalela imali kumandla ahlaziyekayo."
Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kwerhasi yendalo kulindeleke ukuba kukhule kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 ezayo – kwaye irhasi ibandakanya isambuku semithombo yobutyebi baseRussia hayi kuphela kwishelufu yeArctic kodwa nasemhlabeni. Umongameli u-Vladimir Putin uthe ujonge ukwenza iRussia ibe ngumboneleli omkhulu werhasi yendalo kwihlabathi - ithemba elingalindelekanga elinikwe ukhuphiswano lwaseMoscow olusuka kuMbindi Mpuma, uKireeva wongeza.
Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zeoyile zaseRussia zabanga ukuba iprojekthi yeshelufu inokuba likamva leshishini leoli kunye negesi yaseRussia.
Enye yeendawo eziphambili ze-Rosneft kuphuhliso lwemithombo ye-hydrocarbon kwi-shelf yelizwekazi, inkampani yathi.
Namhlanje, xa phantse onke amasimi amakhulu e-oyile kunye negesi elunxwemeni afunyanwa kwaye aphuhliswa, kwaye xa itekhnoloji kunye nemveliso yeoli ye-shale ikhula ngokukhawuleza, into yokuba ikamva lemveliso yeoli yehlabathi ibekwe kwishelufu yelizwekazi loLwandlekazi lweHlabathi ayinakuphikiswa, utshilo uRosneft kwingxelo kwiwebhusayithi yakhe. Ishelufu yaseRashiya ineyona ndawo inkulu emhlabeni: Ngaphezu kwezigidi ezithandathu zeekhilomitha kwaye iRosneft ngoyena mnikazi weelayisenisi kwishelufu yelizwekazi laseRussia, yongeza inkampani.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-17-2024
