Iiprojekthi ezintsha kwishishini le-oyile kunye negesi yaseRussia, kubandakanywa neshelufu yeArctic, ithembisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo kwimarike yasekhaya yokwaleka okuchasene nokubola.
Ubhubhani we-COVID-19 uze omkhulu, kodwa impembelelo yexesha elifutshane kwimakethi yeehydrocarbons zehlabathi. Ngo-Epreli ka-2020, imfuno yeoli yehlabathi ifike kwelona nqanaba lisezantsi ukusukela ngo-1995, irhuqa ezantsi ixabiso le-benchmark ye-Brent crude ukuya kwi-28 yeedola ngomphanda emva kokunyuka okukhawulezileyo kokunikezelwa kwe-oyile eseleyo.
Ngaxa lithile, ixabiso leoli lase-US lide lajika libi okokuqala kwimbali. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziganeko zimangalisayo zibonakala ngathi aziwuyeki umsebenzi we-oyile kunye negesi ye-Russian, kuba imfuno yehlabathi yee-hydrocarbons kuqikelelwa ukuba ibuyela umva ngokukhawuleza.
Ngokomzekelo, i-IEA ilindele ukuba imfuno yeoli ibuyele kumanqanaba angaphambi kwengxaki ngokukhawuleza ngo-2022. Ukukhula kwemfuno yerhasi - ngaphandle kokunciphisa irekhodi ngo-2020 - kufuneka kubuyele kwixesha elide, kwinqanaba elithile, ngenxa yokukhawulezisa amalahle emhlabeni jikelele. ukutshintsha igesi ukwenzela ukuvelisa umbane.
Izigebenga zaseRashiya iLukoil, iNovatek neRosneft, kunye nezinye izibuko ziceba ukusungula iiprojekthi ezintsha kwindawo yokutsalwa kweoyile nerhasi kumhlaba nakwishelufu yeArctic. Urhulumente waseRussia ubona ukuxhaphazwa koovimba bakhe beArctic nge-LNG njengeyona nto iphambili yeSicwangciso sakhe saMandla ukuya ku-2035.
Kule mvelaphi, imfuno yaseRashiya yokugquma okuchasayo nayo inoqikelelo oluqaqambileyo. Intengiso iyonke kweli candelo iphelele kwi-Rub18,5 yeebhiliyoni kwi-2018 (i-250 yezigidi zeedola), ngokutsho kophando olwenziwa yi-Moscow-based think tank Discovery Research Group. Iingubo ze-Rub7.1 yeebhiliyoni (i-90 yezigidi zeedola) zangeniswa eRashiya, nangona ukungenisa kweli candelo kudla ukuhla, ngokutsho kwabahlalutyi.
Enye i-arhente yokubonisana yaseMoscow, i-Concept-Center, iqikelela ukuba intengiso kwimarike yayiphakathi kwe-25,000 kunye ne-30,000 yeetoni ngokwasemzimbeni. Ngokomzekelo, kwi-2016, i-marketment ye-anti-corrosive coatings application eRashiya yaqikelelwa kwi-Rub 2.6 yezigidigidi (i-42 yezigidi zeedola). Imarike kukholelwa ukuba ikhula ngokuthe chu kule minyaka idlulileyo ngesantya esiphakathi kweepesenti ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu ngonyaka.
Abathathi-nxaxheba beMakethi bavakalisa ukuzithemba, imfuno yokugquma kweli candelo iya kuba phezulu kwiminyaka ezayo, nangona impembelelo yobhubhani we-COVID-19 ingekapheli okwangoku.
“Ngokoqikelelo lwethu, imfuno iza kunyuka kancinci [kwiminyaka ezayo]. Ishishini leoli kunye negesi lifuna i-anti-corrosion, i-heat-resistant, i-fire-retardant kunye nezinye iintlobo zokugquma ukuphumeza iiprojekthi ezintsha. Kwangaxeshanye, imfuno itshintshela kwi-single-layer polyfunctional coatings. Ewe kunjalo, umntu akanakungayihoyi imiphumo yobhubhani we-coronavirus, leyo, ngendlela, ayikapheli, ”utshilo uMaxim Dubrovsky, umlawuli jikelele womvelisi waseRussia uAkrus. “Phantsi koqikelelo olungenathemba, ulwakhiwo [kwimizi-mveliso yeoli negesi] lusenokungahambi ngokukhawuleza njengoko bekucetyiwe.
Urhulumente uthatha amanyathelo okuvuselela utyalo-mali kunye nokufikelela kwisantya esicwangcisiweyo sokwakha. "
Ukhuphiswano olungelulo ixabiso
Kukho ubuncinci abadlali abangama-30 kwimarike yeRussian anti-corrosive coatings, ngokutsho kwe-Industrial Coatings. Abadlali abaphambili bangaphandle yiHempel, Jotun, International Protective Coatings, Steelpaint, PPG Industries, Permatex, Teknos, phakathi kwabanye.
Abona baboneleli abakhulu baseRashiya yi-Akrus, i-VMP, i-Russian Paints, i-Empils, i-Moscow Chemical Plant, i-ZM Volga kunye ne-Raduga.
Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, ezinye iinkampani ezingezozaseRashiya, eziquka iJotun, iHempel kunye nePPG ziye zavelisa imveliso yezogquma ezichasene nokubola eRashiya. Kukho ingqiqo yezoqoqosho ecacileyo emva kwesigqibo esinjalo. Ixesha lokubuyisela ukuqaliswa kweengubo ezintsha ezichasene ne-corrosive kwimarike yaseRashiya phakathi kweminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemihlanu, kuqikelelwa ukuba u-Azamat Gareev, intloko ye-ZIT Rossilber.
Ngokutsho kwe-Industrial Coatings, eli candelo leemarike zokugqoka zaseRashiya zingachazwa njenge-oligopsony - ifom yemarike apho inani labathengi lincinci. Ngokwahlukileyo, inani labathengisi likhulu. Wonke umthengi waseRashiya uneseti yakhe yangaphakathi engqongqo yeemfuno, ababoneleli kufuneka bathobele. Umahluko phakathi kweemfuno zabathengi unokuba mkhulu.
Ngenxa yoko, le ngenye yamacandelo ambalwa oshishino lweengubo zaseRashiya, apho ixabiso alikho phakathi kwezinto eziphambili ezichaza imfuno.
Ngokomzekelo, i-Rosneft igunyaze iintlobo ze-224 ze-anti-corrosive coatings, ngokutsho kwerejista yaseRashiya yabathengisi be-oyile kunye ne-gas industry coatings. Ukuthelekisa, iGazprom ivume iingubo ezingama-55 kwaye iTransneft yayingama-34 kuphela.
Kwamanye amacandelo, isabelo sokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe siphezulu kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, iinkampani zaseRashiya zingenisa phantse iipesenti ezingama-80 zeerandi kwiiprojekthi ezingaselunxwemeni.
Ukhuphiswano kwiimarike zaseRashiya kwiingubo ezichasene ne-corrosive zinamandla kakhulu, utshilo uDmitry Smirnov, umlawuli jikelele weMoscow Chemical Plant. Oku kutyhala inkampani ukuba ihambisane nemfuno kwaye iqalise ukuveliswa kwemigca emitsha yokugquma rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa. Inkampani ikwaqhuba amaziko eenkonzo, elawula isicelo sokugquma, wongezelela.
“Iinkampani zokugquma zaseRussia zinamandla okwaneleyo okwandisa imveliso, nto leyo enokunciphisa ukungenisa elizweni. Uninzi lweengubo zeenkampani zeoli kunye negesi, kubandakanywa neeprojekthi ze-offshore, ziveliswa kwizityalo zaseRashiya. Kule mihla, ukuphucula imeko yezoqoqosho, kuwo onke amazwe, kubalulekile ukwandisa imveliso yemveliso yabo, "utshilo uDubrobsky.
Ukunqongophala kwezinto ezibonakalayo zokuvelisa i-anti-corrosive coatings zidweliswe phakathi kwezinto ezithintela iinkampani zaseRashiya ekwandiseni isabelo sazo kwiimarike, ingxelo ye-Industrial Coatings, ichaza abahlalutyi beemarike zendawo. Ngokomzekelo, kukho ukunqongophala kwe-aliphatic isocyanates, i-epoxy resins, uthuli lwezinc kunye nezinye i-pigments.
“Ishishini lemichiza lixhomekeke kakhulu kwimathiriyeli ekrwada evela kumazwe angaphandle kwaye liyawathanda amaxabiso azo. Ndiyabulela kuphuhliso lweemveliso ezitsha eRashiya kunye nokufakwa endaweni, kukho iindlela ezintle malunga nokubonelela ngempahla ekrwada kwishishini lezogquma,” utshilo uDubrobsky.
“Kuyimfuneko ukwandisa amandla ngakumbi ukuze ukhuphisane, umzekelo, nababoneleli baseAsia. Iifayili, ii-pigments, i-resins, ngokukodwa i-alkyd kunye ne-epoxy, ngoku inokuodolwa kubavelisi baseRashiya. Imarike yee-hardeners ze-isocyanate kunye nezongezo ezisebenzayo zibonelelwa ngokukodwa ngokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ukubanakho kokuphuhlisa imveliso yethu yala macandelo kufuneka kuxoxwe ngawo kwinqanaba likarhulumente. "
Iingubo zeeprojekthi ezikude nonxweme kwindawo ebonakalayo
Iprojekthi yokuqala yaseRashiya ekude nonxweme yaba yiPrirazlomnaya kude nonxweme iqonga elimisa ioli elimelana nomkhenkce kuLwandle lwePechora, emazantsi eNovaya Zemlya. I-Gazprom ikhethe i-Chartek 7 kwi-International Paint Ltd. Le nkampani kuthiwa ithenge i-350,000 kg ye-coatings yokukhusela i-anti-corrosion yeqonga.
Enye inkampani yeoli yaseRashiya uLukoil isebenze iqonga leKorchagin ukususela ngo-2010 kunye neqonga lePhilanovskoe ukususela ngo-2018, zombini eLwandle lweCaspian.
UJotun wanikezela ngeengubo ezichasene ne-corrosive kwiprojekthi yokuqala kunye neHempel yesibini. Kweli candelo, iimfuno zokwaleka zingqongqo ngokukodwa, ekubeni ukubuyiselwa kwegqwetha lezokwaleka ngaphantsi kwamanzi akunakwenzeka.
Imfuno yokugquma i-anti-corrosive segment ye-offshore ibotshelelwe kwikamva leshishini le-oyile kunye negesi yehlabathi. IRashiya inama-80 ekhulwini obutyebi beoyile nerhasi obubekwe phantsi kweshelufu yeArctic kunye nesixa esikhulu soovimba abahloliwe.
Ukuthelekisa, i-US ibamba kuphela i-10 yeepesenti yezibonelelo zeshelufu, ilandelwa yiCanada, iDenmark, iGreenland neNorway, eyahlula i-10 ekhulwini eseleyo phakathi kwabo. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kuqikelelwa ukuba uvimba weoli osele ehloliwe waseRashiya wongeza ukuya kutsho kwiitoni zeebhiliyoni ezintlanu zeoli elinganayo. INorway ikwindawo yesibini enebhiliyoni zeetoni zogcino oluqinisekisiweyo.
"Kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi - zombini ezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo - ezo zixhobo zinokungafumaneki," utshilo uAnna Kireeva, umhlalutyi wombutho okhusela indalo iBellona. "Ngokoqikelelo oluninzi, imfuno ye-oyile yehlabathi inokuthaba kamsinya nje kwiminyaka emine ukusukela ngoku, ngo-2023. Iingxowa-mali ezinkulu zotyalo-mali zikarhulumente ezazakhelwe ngokwazo kwi-oyile nazo ziyalususa utyalo-mali kwicandelo leoli-inyathelo elinokuthi likhuthaze utyalo-mali. Inkunzi yehlabathi isuka kumafutha efosili njengoko oorhulumente nabatyali-zimali bamaziko begalela imali kumandla ahlaziyekayo.”
Kwangaxeshanye, ukusetyenziswa kwerhasi yendalo kulindeleke ukuba kukhule kwiminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30 ezayo – kwaye irhasi ibandakanya isambuku semithombo yobutyebi baseRussia hayi kuphela kwishelufu yeArctic kodwa nasemhlabeni. Umongameli u-Vladimir Putin uthe ujonge ukwenza iRussia ibe ngumboneleli omkhulu werhasi yendalo kwihlabathi - ithemba elingalindelekanga elinikwe ukhuphiswano lwaseMoscow olusuka kuMbindi Mpuma, uKireeva wongeza.
Nangona kunjalo, iinkampani zeoyile zaseRussia zabanga ukuba iprojekthi yeshelufu inokuba likamva leshishini leoli kunye negesi yaseRussia.
Enye yeendawo eziphambili ze-Rosneft kuphuhliso lwemithombo ye-hydrocarbon kwi-shelf yelizwekazi, inkampani yathi.
Namhlanje, xa phantse onke amasimi amakhulu e-oyile kunye negesi elunxwemeni afunyanwa kwaye aphuhliswa, kwaye xa itekhnoloji kunye nemveliso yeoli ye-shale ikhula ngokukhawuleza, into yokuba ikamva lemveliso yeoli yehlabathi ibekwe kwishelufu yelizwekazi loLwandlekazi lweHlabathi ayinakuphikiswa, iRosneft. itshilo kwingxelo kwiwebhusayithi yayo. Ishelufu yaseRashiya inommandla omkhulu kwihlabathi: Ngaphezu kwezigidi ezithandathu zeekhilomitha kwaye i-Rosneft ingoyena mnini-layisenisi omkhulu kwi-shelf yelizwekazi laseRashiya, inkampani yongezelela.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-17-2024
